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BIOL I > CHAPTER 1 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 Flashcards

1
Q

sapo concho

A

babita blanca venenosa, no es del patio, es del sur

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2
Q

mosca

A

femenina son las que pican pa la sangre de sus hijitos y agua crea dengue

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3
Q

virus

A

material genético, no es vida

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4
Q

coral

A

dinoflagellates se van y se crea el bleaching por calentamiento global

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5
Q

biology

A

study of life and fossils (goal: discovering and understanding the diversity and complex processes that make up life)

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6
Q

características de la vida

A

made of cells, made of chemical compounds, use molecules to form other molecules, genetic information, evolution, homeostasis, response to stimulus, growth, energy for work, development, reproduction, adaptation, motion, feedback, metabolism

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7
Q

calendar of Earth

A

FIRST life; SECOND fossils; THIRD photosynthesis; FOURTH eukaryotic cells; FIFTH multicellular organisms; SIXTH abundant fossils; SEVENTH plants and animals; EIGHTH forests, insects, mammals, and dinosaurs; NINTH birds, flowering plants, rise of mammals; LAST hominids

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8
Q

nucleic acids

A

instructions for protein synthesis

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9
Q

liposomes

A

membranes made of fatty acids

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10
Q

prokaryotes

A

one cell, Bacteria and Archaea

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11
Q

eukaryotes

A

membrane-enclosed organelles, multicellular

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12
Q

nucleus

A

contains genetic information

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13
Q

photosynthesis

A

sunlight to chemical energy; first made by cyanobacteria; result is oxygen and ozone

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14
Q

metabolism

A

aerobic (with air); anaerobic (without air)

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15
Q

cell specialization

A

larger and efficient multicellular organisms due to separation of cells by function (organelles)

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16
Q

organization order

A

atoms; small molecules; large molecules; cells; tissues; organs; organ system; organism; population; community; ecosystems (biomes); biosphere

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17
Q

homeostasis

A

Maintenance of conditions in internal environment

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18
Q

sensory mechanisms

A

Alert body of conditions

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19
Q

effector mechanisms

A

Alter the conditions

20
Q

signaling mechanisms

A

bridge of communication of other mechanisms

21
Q

genes

A

Discrete units where inherited traits are; segments of DNA that encode information to build proteins

22
Q

genome

A

Sum of all DNA in the organism

23
Q

nucleotides

A

sequences that make up DNA that determine the sequence of amino acids in proteins

24
Q

mutations

A

changes in nucleotide sequence

25
Q

evolution

A

change in genetic makeup of populations over time; major unifying principle of biology

26
Q

natural selection

A

Trait that confers increase in survival and reproduction increases in population over time

27
Q

artificial selection

A

humans breeding organisms for desired traits

28
Q

adaptations

A

Structural, physiological, or behavioral traits that enhance an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction

29
Q

genomics

A

field that compares organisms’ DNA

30
Q

bioinformatics

A

field that manages and analyzes sequencing data

31
Q

binomial

A

distinct scientific name of a species (genus and species)

32
Q

genus

A

group of species that share a recent common ancestor (ours is the chimpazee)

33
Q

phylogenic tree

A

illustrates the evolutionary histories of different groups; determined by fossils, physical structures, metabolic processes, behavior, and molecular analysis of genomes

34
Q

data

A

information that is quantified using mathematical and statistical methods

35
Q

scientific method

A

observe; ask; hypothesize; predict; test prediction

36
Q

inductive logic

A

observations or facts to hypothesis

37
Q

deductive logic

A

predict what facts would also have to be true to be compatible with the hypothesis

38
Q

controlled experiment

A

manipulating one factor while the others are constant

39
Q

comparative experiment

A

compare data gather from populations that differ in multiple ways

40
Q

statistical methods

A

help scientists determine if differences between groups are significant

41
Q

statistical tests

A

calculate probability that differences are because of random variation; start with null hypothesis (no differences exist)

42
Q

model systems

A

using one type of organism to understand others

43
Q

science vs nonscience

A

science - hypothesis is testable and can be rejected; evidence that is reproducible and quantifiable
nonscience - religious or spiritual explanations that are not testable

44
Q

What can biology do?

A

basis of medical practice; can inform public policy; crucial for understanding ecosystems

45
Q

biodiversity

A

helps us understand, enjoy, and appreciate our world

BIOL I (12 decks)

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