Chapter 1

Question 1

Monism

Answer 1

Belief that all of reality is composed of one fundamental substance or principle;all brain activity is mental activity;Thales

Question 2

Dualism

Answer 2

Mind vs. Body; the mind can control the body but the body can also influence the mind ; Descartes

Question 3

Gall and spurzheim

Answer 3

Contributed to phrenology and localization

Question 4

Phrenology

Answer 4

Study or conformation; said that the brain grows if exercised, or that the bigger the physical part of the head,. The more advanced the function is.it was debunked. But contributed to localization

Question 5

Localizations

Answer 5

Different areas of the brain are responsible for different things

Question 6

Flourens

Answer 6

Used ablation method to discover the aggregate field theory I opposite from localization

Question 7

Ablation method

Answer 7

Removing anatomically defined areas from the brainin order to discover their function

Question 8

Aggregate field theory

Answer 8

Opposite from localization; all areas of the brain participate in all kinds of movement

Question 9

Jackson

Answer 9

Proposed topographic organization based on his work with epilepsy

Question 10

Topographic organization

Answer 10

A pattern on the brain with spatially adjacent stimuli on sensory receptor surfaces ave represented in adjacent positions in a cortex.

Question 11

Broca

Answer 11

Production of language; supports localization

Question 12

Wernickes

Answer 12

Language comprehension i supports localization

Question 13

Aphasia

Answer 13

Loss of ability to speak or understand language

Question 14

Broddman

Answer 14

cyto architectonics;named the 52 regions of the cerebral cortex

Question 15

Cytoarchitecture

Answer 15

Study of the cellular composition of the central nervous systems tissues under a microscope

Question 16

Cajal ‘

Answer 16

Used Golgi stain to prove neurons don’t touch; discovered the atonal growth cone;

Question 17

Golgi

Answer 17

First to be successful in staining the myelin component of an axon; he thought all neurons touched each other and interacted, or was a syncytium ( continuous mass)

Question 18

How did Golgi and Cajal contribute to archetectonics

Answer 18

Golgi thought the brain was a syncytium, with cells touching each other, but Cajal thought the opposite, that nerve cells were not continuous

Question 19

Donders

Answer 19

Studied reaction time; tested how long it takes to make a decision using the reaction time as a dependent variable or mental chronometry

Question 20

Watson

Answer 20

Father of behaviorism; believed you can’t study what you can’t see.supported empiricism..

Question 21

Rationalism

Answer 21

Reason and intellect are the sources of knowledge, believe in intuition;innate knowledge

Question 22

Empiricism

Answer 22

Believe experience is the base of knowledge
not believe in intuition,claim people have no innate knowledge

Question 23

EEG; electroencephalograph

Answer 23

Records electrical activity of the brain through electrode; good with temporal resolution, bad with spatial
- used to detect abnormal brain activity such as seizures

Question 24

Cat computerized axial tomography

Answer 24

Injects dye into blood and pass xray through thehead, taking measurements at every angle to construct an image
- used to identify tumors

Question 25

PET position-emission tomography

Answer 25

Injects radioactive chemicals and records the emission to produce a nigh resolution image
- used to find brain disorder;tumors, Alzheimer’s., seizures, etc

Question 26

MRI magnetic resonance imaging

Answer 26

-applies a powerful magneticfield to image the brain
- used to view structure rather than activity

Question 27

FMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging

Answer 27

• Uses oxygen consumption in the brain to scan the brain
• used to record activity to helpplan surgeries and otter procedure