Chapter 1 Flashcards
Monism
Belief that all of reality is composed of one fundamental substance or principle;all brain activity is mental activity;Thales
Dualism
Mind vs. Body; the mind can control the body but the body can also influence the mind ; Descartes
Gall and spurzheim
Contributed to phrenology and localization
Phrenology
Study or conformation; said that the brain grows if exercised, or that the bigger the physical part of the head,. The more advanced the function is.it was debunked. But contributed to localization
Localizations
Different areas of the brain are responsible for different things
Flourens
Used ablation method to discover the aggregate field theory I opposite from localization
Ablation method
Removing anatomically defined areas from the brainin order to discover their function
Aggregate field theory
Opposite from localization; all areas of the brain participate in all kinds of movement
Jackson
Proposed topographic organization based on his work with epilepsy
Topographic organization
A pattern on the brain with spatially adjacent stimuli on sensory receptor surfaces ave represented in adjacent positions in a cortex.
Broca
Production of language; supports localization
Wernickes
Language comprehension i supports localization
Aphasia
Loss of ability to speak or understand language
Broddman
cyto architectonics;named the 52 regions of the cerebral cortex
Cytoarchitecture
Study of the cellular composition of the central nervous systems tissues under a microscope
Cajal ‘
Used Golgi stain to prove neurons don’t touch; discovered the atonal growth cone;
Golgi
First to be successful in staining the myelin component of an axon; he thought all neurons touched each other and interacted, or was a syncytium ( continuous mass)
How did Golgi and Cajal contribute to archetectonics
Golgi thought the brain was a syncytium, with cells touching each other, but Cajal thought the opposite, that nerve cells were not continuous
Donders
Studied reaction time; tested how long it takes to make a decision using the reaction time as a dependent variable or mental chronometry
Watson
Father of behaviorism; believed you can’t study what you can’t see.supported empiricism..
Rationalism
Reason and intellect are the sources of knowledge, believe in intuition;innate knowledge
Empiricism
Believe experience is the base of knowledge
not believe in intuition,claim people have no innate knowledge
EEG; electroencephalograph
Records electrical activity of the brain through electrode; good with temporal resolution, bad with spatial
- used to detect abnormal brain activity such as seizures
Cat computerized axial tomography
Injects dye into blood and pass xray through thehead, taking measurements at every angle to construct an image
- used to identify tumors
PET position-emission tomography
Injects radioactive chemicals and records the emission to produce a nigh resolution image
- used to find brain disorder;tumors, Alzheimer’s., seizures, etc
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
-applies a powerful magneticfield to image the brain
- used to view structure rather than activity
FMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging
- Uses oxygen consumption in the brain to scan the brain
- used to record activity to helpplan surgeries and otter procedure
