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My Biology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biology

A

The scientific study of organisms, living and fossil

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2
Q

Nucleic acids

A

(DNA/RNA) that reproduce themselves and serves as templates of protein synthesis

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3
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Single celled, two main groups emerged early: bacteria and archaea

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4
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Membrane-enclosed organelles, emerged much later, the nucleus contains the genetic information

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5
Q

Photosynthesis

A

2.5 billion years ago, transforms light energy into chemical energy, food for organisms

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6
Q

cyanobacteria

A

(prokaryotes), create more oxygen than trees

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7
Q

nucleus

A

contains the genetic information

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8
Q

aerobic metabolism

A

more efficient, uses a lot of oxygen

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9
Q

anaerobic metabolism

A

fermentation; does not use oxygen

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10
Q

cell specialization

A

allowed multicellular organisms to get larger and become more efficient at gathering resources and adapting to specific environments

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11
Q

tissue

A

a group of similar cells

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12
Q

organs

A

developed by different tissue types

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13
Q

organ systems

A

grouped by the organs

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14
Q

homeostasis

A

regulate their internal environments

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15
Q

community

A

all organisms (living things) in an ecosystem

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16
Q

ecosystem

A

all living and nonliving things in a particular area

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17
Q

biomes

A

major ecosystems with distinctive physical features and communities
Ex: arctic tundra, coral reefs, tropical rainforest

18
Q

biosphere

A

all environments (everything) on earth

19
Q

genes

A

inherited traits; segments of DNA that encode information

20
Q

genome

A

sum total of all the DNA molecules in an organism

21
Q

nucleotide sequences

A

determine the amino acid sequence in proteins

22
Q

population

A

all individuals of a species in a particular area

23
Q

evolution

A

core theme of biology; the process of change that has transformed life on earth

24
Q

charles darwin

A

compiled factual evidence for evolution and proposed that all organisms are descended from a common ancestor

25
Q

natural selection

A

differential survival and reproduction in a population

26
Q

adaptions

A

structural, physiological, or behavioral traits that enhance an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction

27
Q

binomial

A

each species distinct scientific name

28
Q

genus

A

group of species that share a recent common ancestor

29
Q

phylogenic tree

A

illustrates the evolutionary histories of different groups

30
Q

characteristics shared among living things

A

-made up of cells
-uses molecules from the environment to synthesize new molecules
-extract energy from the environment and use it to do work
-internal environment regulation
- contain genetic information to develop, function, and reproduce
- Evolutionary adaption
- growth and development

31
Q

How old is earth?

A

Earth is about 4.6 billion years old

32
Q

When did life on earth appear?

A

Life appeared about 4 billion years ago

33
Q

An abundance of O2 led to the evolution of

A

Aerobic eukaryotes

34
Q

cell

A

life’s fundamental unit of structure and function (cells are alive)

35
Q

Organelles

A

A structural component of a cell (building blocks of a cell)

36
Q

The scientific method

A
  • Make observations
  • Ask questions
  • Form hypothesis
  • Make predictions
  • Test the predictions
37
Q

Controlled experiments

A

Manipulate one factor while holding all other variables constant

38
Q

Comparative experiments

A

Compare data gathered from populations that differ in multiple ways

39
Q

Model systems

A

Using one type of organism to understand others

40
Q

Explain why experiments of different kinds of animals may have relevance for understanding human biology

A

Animals are biologically very similar to humans and are susceptible to many of the same health problems as humans

My Biology (15 decks)

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