biological membranes part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

biological membranes

A

selectively permeable

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2
Q

active transport

A

requires chemical energy (ATP); low to high

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3
Q

passive transport

A

does not require chemical energy (ATP); high to low

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4
Q

concentration gradient

A

where energy for passive transport comes from, the difference in concentration of a substance across space

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5
Q

diffusion

A

the process of random movement toward equilibrium

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6
Q

diffusion rate depends on

A

-size and mass of molecules or ions: smaller molecules diffuse faster
-temperature of the solution: higher temps equals faster diffusion
-density of the solution: low density equals faster diffusion
-concentration gradient: steeper gradient equals faster diffusion
-area and distance: short distance and large surface area equals faster diffusion

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7
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water; direction depends on the relative concentrations of water molecules

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8
Q

isotonic

A

equal solute concentrations

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9
Q

hypertonic

A

higher solute concentration outside cell

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10
Q

hypotonic

A

lower solute concentration outside shell

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11
Q

aquaporins

A

water can cross membranes through special channels

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12
Q

ion channels

A

channel proteins with hydrophilic pores

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13
Q

gated

A

can be closed or open to ion passage

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14
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

polar and charged molecules diffuse with concentration gradients, but facilitated by protein channels or carriers

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15
Q

channel proteins

A

integral membrane proteins that form a tunnel

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16
Q

carrier proteins

A

-membrane proteins that bind some substances and speed their diffusion through the bilayer
-transport polar molecules—glucose, across membranes in both directions