Chapter 1 Flashcards
Psychology
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Charles Darwin
(1809-1882)
- on the origins of Species (1859)
- Psychology and Evolution
William Wundt
(1832-1920)
- established the first psychology lab
- Wundt’s structuralism
- structures of the mind
- introspectrum
- systematic, detailed self-report
William James
(1842-1910)
- James Functionalism
- functions/purposes of the mind
- mind’s interactions with outside world
- stream of consciousness
- Why is human thought adaptive?
Science of Psychology
critical thinking, skepticism, objectivity, curiosity
Seven Contemporary Approaches to Psychology
biological, behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive, evolutionary, sociocultural
Biological Approach
an approach to psychology focusing on the body, especially the brain and nervous system
Behavioral Approach
in personality theory, this perspective focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development
Psychodynamic Approach
how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
Humanistic Approach
focused on our inner capacities for growth and self-fulfillment
Cognitive Approach
how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
Evolutionary Approach
An approach to psychology centered on evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors.
Sociocultural Approach
examines the ways in which social and cultural environments influence behavior
Mind-Body Connection
- how the mind impacts the body
- how the body impacts the mind
Careers in psychology
- practice/applied
- research
- teaching
