Chapter 1 Flashcards
How many liters are in 1 cu ft?
2.83
Which system does larger cylinders use?
American standard safety system
Small cylinders use which safety system?
Pin index safety system (PISS)
What color tank is O2?
Green
What color tank is Helium?
Brown
What color tank is CO2?
Gray
What color tank is nitrous oxide?
Light blue
What color tank is cyclopropane?
Orange
What color tank is ethylene?
Red
What color tank is air?
Yellow
What color tank is CO2/O2?
Gray & Green
What color tank is He/O2?
Brown & green
How often is a cylinder tested?
Every 5-10 years?
What is a cylinder tested for?
- Cylinder expansion
Liquid O2 should not exceed a pressure of what?
250 psig
It should not exceed a temp of what?
-297 deg F
What must you always do before attaching a
regulator?
Crack the cylinder
A hole in the diaphragm of cylinder will result in
what?
A continuous leak
What is the formula for duration of flow?
Cylinder factor x pressure/ flow rate
What is the formula for duration of flow (liquid
Liquid wt (lbs) x 344
O2)?
Take your answer and divide by flow rate then
What safety system is used for flowmeter
outlets?
Diameter index safety system (DISS)
If the flow meter is turned off completely and
there is still bubbling what does that indicate?
Valve seat is faulty and flowmeter must be
replaced
What is the advantage of the Bourdon gauge?
It’s not patient dependent
Why is this beneficial?
Makes transporting patient easier
What are the indications for O2 therapy?
- Labored breathing or dyspnea
What are some signs and symptoms of
hypoxemia?
- Cyanosis (unless anemia is present)
- Impairment of special senses
- Headache
What are some complications of O2 therapy?
- O2 toxicity
What is reduced mucociliary activity?
beating of cilia in the mucociliary blanket is not
as active when hight FiO2 are used.
What is the four types of hypoxia?
- Anemic hypoxia
- Stagnant (circulatory) hypoxia
What is hypoxemic hypoxia?
Alveolar Hypoventilation
Diffusion defects
What is anemic hypoxia?
Decreased HB level
CO poisoning
What is stagnant (circulatory) hypoxia?
Decreased HR
What is Histotoxic hypoxia?
cyanide poisoning
alcohol poisoning
What is a low-flow delivery device?
An O2 device that does not meet the patients
inspiratory flow demands.
How much FiO2 does a transtracheal catheter
give?
22-35%
How much flow?
¼ - 4L/min
How much FiO2 does a nasal cannula give?
24 - 40%
How much flow?
¼ - 6L/min
How much FiO2 does a nasal reservoir cannula
deliver?
22-35%
How much flow?
¼ - 4/L/min
How much FiO2 does a simple mask deliver?
35 - 50%
How much flow?
5 - 10%
How much FiO2 does a nonrebreathing mask?
60 - 80%
How much flow?
10 - 15L/min
If the patient comes in tachypneic what device
should you choose?
Low flow
Low flow devices are adequate oxygen delivery
systems only when the patient meets the
following criteria:
- Regular and consistent ventilatory pattern
- RR < 25 breaths per min
- Consistent VT of 300-700mL (not
fluctuating)
What is the formula for Air/O2 entrainment
ratios?
100-x/x-20= parts of air entrained/ 1 part of O2
Use 21 with percentages less than 40
What is the formula for total flow?
Ex. 40% (3:1 air/O2 ratio)
What is the formula for inspiratory flow?
Vt(L)/Ti(s)
How much FiO2 and flow does and aerosol
mask deliver.
21-100% FiO2
8-15L/min
For an aerosol mask ____ should be available at
all times to ensure adequate flow rates.
Mist
What is the FiO2 and flow rate for a face tent?
21-40%
8-15 L/min
What is the FiO2 and flow rate for a T-piece
adapter?
21-100%
8-5 L/min
What is the FiO2 and flow rate for a Trach
mask?
35-60%
10-15 L/min
What is the FiO2 and flow rate for an oxymask?
24-90%
1-15 (flush)
What is a high flow nasal cannula?
This provides high flow therapy via a thermally
controlled humidification system.
HFNC provide how much body heat to patients?
100%
and. Up to _____ are used in adults proving O2
8; 60; 90
water in the tubing, causes_____ decreasing the
amount of air entrainment and therefore
increasing the percentage of O2.
Back pressure into the nebulizer
What is the formula for FiO2?
O2 flow + (air flow x 0.2)/total flow
For an O2 blender an audible alarm system that
sounds if there is ____?
A drop in inlet pressure
When using a blender/nebulizer to provide O2,
make sure the nebulizer is set on _____
100%
For an 80:20 mixture of helium and O2, multiply
the flowmeter reading by ____ to determine
1.8
correct flow rate?
Ex. 10×1.8=18 L/min
For an 80:20 mixture of helium and O2, to deliver
specific flow divide the flow rate by ____?
1.8
Ex. 12/1.8=6.6 L/min
For a 70:30 mixture of heliox, multiply the
flowmeter reading by ____?
1.6
For a 70:30 mixture of heliox, divide by ____for
specific flow?
1.6
What are some causes of inaccurate readings?
- Hypothermia
List the air/O2 ratios for 60% O2, 40% O2, 35%
O2, 30% O2, and 24% O2.
35 = 5:1
30 = 8:1
40 = 3:1
Give four examples of high-flow O2 delivery
- Aerosol mask
devices.
- Face tent
What is the primary benefit of using a reservoir
cannula?
The device delivers more O2 for the patient so
flow can be decreased.
List the three ventilatory criteria that should be
met by patients receiving O2 from a low-flow
An O2 device that does not meet the patients
needs. Room air makes up the rest of the Vt.
device.
Normal flow 25-30
Give examples of three low-flow O2 delivery
devices.
- Nasal cannula
- Simple mask
- Partial rebreather
List five indications for the use of hyperbaric O2
therapy.
- CO poisoning
- Cyanide poisoning