Chapter 1 Flashcards
fusion of a sperm and an egg
fertilization
assisted reproduction technology performed using a test tube or culture dish
in vitro fertilization
produce sperm
testes
immature egg
oocyte
male gametes
sperm
sex change where the individual is female first
protogyny
this is the development of embryos
ontogeny
self-fertilization is more common in animals that
a. are motile
b. limited motile or non-motile
b
period where human reproductive organs mature and begin to function
puberty
match:
a. lizards, snakes, vipers, sharks
b. most mammals, some cartilaginous fish
c. bony fish, all birds
1. viviparity
2. ovoviparity
3. oviparity
a - 2
b - 1
c - 3
states that basic features appear earlier in development than special features
von baer’s law
true or false: inbreeding produces more fit offsprings
false; inbreeding produces less fit offspring
who demonstrated the existence of germ layers in the embryo
karl ernst von baer
egg develops into an individual without fertilization
parthenogenesis
fertilized eggs laid outside the female’s body and develop there
oviparity
state the biogenetic law of muller and haeckel
“ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny”
earthworms, slugs, tapeworms, and snails possess this type of condition
hermaphrodism
chromosome for homozygous female and heterozygous male
XX, XY
prepares the uterus for pregnancy
progesterone
these are hollow ball of cells
blastulas
concerned with the development of physical abnormalities during fetal or early embryonic stage
teratology
this is the evolutionary relationships among organisms
phylogeny
combination of reproductive cells from two individuals
sexual reproduction
carries sperm to the ejaculatory duct
vas deferens
first to describe sperm
hamm and leeuwenhoek (1677)
introduced concept of ‘epigenesis’
kaspar freidrich wolff
this is where an oocyte is released
fallopian tube
male organ of intercourse and functions in urination
penis
odd one out:
sponges, annelids, corals, cnidarians
corals (undergo budding; while the rest undergo fragmentation)
a thick fluid rich in proteins and lipids deposited in the egg
yolk
fallopian tube is also called
oviduct
provide the main sex hormones of female
estrogens and progesterone
allows diffusion of substances between maternal and embryonic bloodstreams
placenta
lowest portion of the uterus and what connects the uterus to the vagina
cervix
construction of 3d images of embryos
descriptive embryology
causes development of female sexual traits
estrogen
this is where offspring develop
uterus
breaking of an individual into parts followed by regeneration
fragmentation
it is the embryonic development that occurs through progressive re-modelling and growth
epigenesis
eggs are retained in the female until they hatch or laid before they hatch
ovoviparity
structure that helps sperm mature and where mature sperm stays
epididymis
give two means of reproduction
asexual and sexual reproduction
estrogen is secreted by
ovaries
female gametes
egg
makes up most of the uterine wall
myometrium
internal fertilization occurs most often in ___ animals
terrestrial animals
occurs in prokaryotic microoganisms
asexual reproduction
male sex hormone that induces development of male secondary sexual traits
testosterone
fertilization takes place in the
fallopian tube
female organ of intercourse
vagina
perm mixed w/ secretions from seminal vesicles and prostate gland
semen
introduced the von baer’s law
karl ernst von baer (1828)
these produce gametes
gonads
the organisms split itself in two part
(binary) fission
an individual has both male and female reproductive system
hermaphrodism
give the six characteristics of life
organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth, development, reproduction
comparison of embryo development across species
comparative embryology
true or false: offspring through asexual reproduction arise from two parents
false; one parent only
parthenogenesis occurs in
water fleas, rotifers, ants, wasps, and bees
true or false: in budding, two individuals are of the same size
false; one individual is smaller than the other
organ in which eggs form
ovary
lining of uterus
endometrium
true or false: internal fertilization occurs by male depositing sperm in the environment and the female picks up to deposit the sperm in her reproductive tract
true
described the distinction between the soma and the germ cell line
august weismann
result from outgrowth of a part of the body
budding
cell theory states that
1) all living organisms are composed of cells
2) the cell is the basic unit of life
3) cells arise from pre-existing cells
studies the processes by which multicellular organisms grow and develop, controlled by their genes
developmental biology
who introduced the cell theory
matthias schleiden, theodore schwann, & rudolph virchow
true or false: reproductive system is necessary for an individual’s survival
true
explained that gonads are necessary for initiation of development
l. spallanzanni
fragmentation is observed in
sponges, cnidarians, echinoderms, and annelids
first described ovarian follicles
de draaf (1672)
studies mechanisms controlling the individual development of animals and plants by means of experimentation
experimental embryology
study of development of an embryo
embryology
budding occurs commonly in
invertebrates such as hydras and corals
occurs when male directly deposit sperm in the female
internal fertilization
sex change where the individual is male first
protandry
young are born alive
viviparity
