Chapter 1

Question 1

James McKeen Cattell

Answer 1

Asked people to recall things witnessed in everyday life, and found answers were often inaccurate

Question 2

John B. Watson

Answer 2

Noted judges could incorporate work done by psychologists into the law

Question 3

A. R. Luria

Answer 3

Investigated affect to determine whether he could differentiate innocent from guilty suspects

Question 4

What is the early use of research

Answer 4

In the 1890’s psychologists in Europe began to appear as witnesses in court, mostly talking about the accuracy of eye witness testimony

Question 5

Who is known as the father of forensic psychology

Answer 5

Hugo Munsterberg

Question 6

What did Munsterberg discuss

Answer 6

How psychology could aid understanding of eye witness testimony, crime detection, false confession, suggestibility, hypnosis and crime prevention

Question 7

Psychological theories of crime

Answer 7

Dynamic internal force accounts for criminal behaviour and early childhood experiences are crucial for understanding crime

Question 8

Learning theories of crime

Answer 8

Based on the principles of conditioning, criminal behaviour being learned and maintained by its consequences

Question 9

Personality theories of crime

Answer 9

Criminals have developed or inherited a personality that is different from that of law-abiding citizens

Question 10

Functions of expert witness

Answer 10

1. Providing the court with information that assists with understanding an issue
2. Providing an opinion

Question 11

What is an expert witness

Answer 11

Someone who can offer opinions, inferences and conclusions in their area of expertise to assist in helping the court understand issues and drawing appropriate inferences. Providing both fact and opinion, they cannot stray outside of their specific area of expertise

Question 12

What are fact witnesses

Answer 12

Someone who is restricted to only providing evidence about facts and opinions only on matters of common knowledge, and can testify only on the basis of what they directly and personally experienced

Question 13

Hired gun phenomenon

Answer 13

This occurs when the testimony being given reflects the party that hired the expert and not an impartial assessment of the case, this can show a pattern of bias like working for the same lawyers, same types of cases, and refusing to testify for the side that opposes the view

Question 14

Hearsay testimony

Answer 14

Psychologists are allowed to testify on the basis of what a client has told them, might be a method of having a client

Question 15

What are the 7 dimensions where psychology and law differ

Answer 15

1. Knowledge
2. Methodology
3. Epistemology
4. Criteria
5. Nature of Law
6. Principles
7. Latitude

Question 16

Daubert Criteria

Answer 16

1. Research has been peer reviewed
2. Research is testable
3. Research has a recognized rate of error
4. Research adheres to professional standards