Chapter 1 Flashcards
Introduction to immunology
Acquired immunity
= adaptive immunity
Adaptive immunity
The 3rd line of defense. A recently evolved mechanism that allows the body to recognize and remember specific stimuli, and appropriately respond.
Major cellular component of the adaptive immune system is
the lymhocyte
Active immunity
Produced by the body in response to a disease process (natural active) or vaccine (artificial active)
Antibodies
specific proteins (aka immunoglobulins) produced in response to antigens
antigen
a foreign substance (immunogen) that stimulates antibody production (immune response)
cell-mediated immunity
immunity that is dependent on the link between T cells and macrophages
clonal selection
activation and replication of a lymphocyte when an individual lymphocyte encounters an antigen that binds to its unique antigen receptor site
complement
a group of blood proteins (enzymes) that are present in the blood and produce inflammation and cell lysis when activated. c1-c9
cytokines
hormones that give cells instructions.
humoral-mediated immunity
immune response comprised of antibodies and other soluble extracellular factors in the blood and lymph
immunocompetent
the ability to mount an immune response to antigens. referring to lymphocytes
immunoglobulins
antibodies (igM, igG, igD, igA, igE. IgG is most abundant)
innate immune system
the first and second lines of defense
innate resistance
the body’s natural resistance to antigens
interleukin
a subset of cytokines
major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
a group of genes that code for proteins found on cellular surfaces that assist the immune system in recognizing foreign substances
mononuclear phagocyte system
monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages activate innate immunity and bridge to adaptive immunity
passive immunity
artificial passive immunity: infusion of antibody rich serum or plasma from an actively immunized individual. natural passive immunity: fetal immunity and from colostrum
pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
determine which molecules are immunogenic. detect specific viral components or viral intermediate products and induce cytokine activity
pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
molecules associated with large groups of pathogens that are recognized by the innate immune system
In adaptive immunity acquired by active natural immunity, the duration of the presence of circulating antibody is ______ to some other types of responses
Longer than
In adaptive immunity acquired by artificial active immunity, the duration of the presence of circulating antibody is ______ than some other types of responses.
Longer than
In adaptive immunity acquired by passive natural immunity, the duration of the presence of circulating antibody is _____ than some other types of responses.
Shorter than
