Chapter 1

Question 1

What are Macromolecules?
What do all of these have in common?

Answer 1

Molecules containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer.

• ALL HAVE C,H,O
  (most have N)
• USED TO BUILD MORE THINGS

Question 2

What is a Polymer?

Answer 2

Large molecule composed of many repeating subunits of macromolecules

Question 3

What is an Enzyme?

Answer 3

A protein that acts as a catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions (through decreasing activation energy)

Question 4

What macromolecules are used by all living cells?

Answer 4

Carbohydrates
Lipids (or fats)
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

Question 5

What are the 4 most common elements that make up macromolecules?

Answer 5

CHO(N)

Question 6

What types of relationships do the macromolecules have with each other (i.e. in common with each other, interactions with each other)?

Answer 6

They all interact constantly to keep us alive!

Question 7

What are each of the macromolecules composed of?

Answer 7

Carbohydrates:
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Lipids:
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Proteins:
Amino Acids
(Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen)

Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides
(Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus)

Question 8

What is transcription?

Answer 8

DNA -> RNA

Question 9

What is replication?

Answer 9

DNA -> DNA

Question 10

What is mutation?

Answer 10

Changes in DNA

Question 11

What’s the difference between mitosis and meiosis? When does crossing-over occur?

Answer 11

Mitosis: cell division for somatic cells and for asexual reproduction

Meiosis: cell division for gametes

• Crossing-Over occurs in PROPHASE 1