CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
Originated from the latin word “Persona”. Also referred to as a theatrical mask.
Personality
A pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics.
Personality
Contribute to individual differences in behavior.
Traits
Unique qualities of an individual.
ex. Temperament, Physique, and Intelligence
Characteristics
What is a theory?
Set of assumptions that allow scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypotheses.
A single assumption that can never fill all the requirements of an adequate theory.
Set of assumptions
A theory that is a “Set of related assumptions”
isolated assumptions can neither be generated meaningful hypothesis nor possess internal consistency
this is where the components of a theory are not proven facts in the sense that their validity has been established
Definition of Assumptions
What is used by the researcher to formulate their hypothesis?
Logical Deductibe Reasoning
A principle or belief
Tenets
this is where the hypothesis need not to be tested immediately but it must suggest the possibility that scientists and the future might develop the necessary means to test it
Qualifier Testable
Means love of wisdom
Philosophy
What is Epistemology?
Nature of Knowledge
TRUE OR FALSE
Philisophy does not deal with “oughts” and “should”
FALSE
Answer: Theory
They are much more than mere armchair speculation
Speculation
the branch of study concerned with the observation and classification of data and with the verification of general laws through the testing of hypothesis
Science
Useful “tools” employed by Scientists
Theories
An educated guess or prediction
Hypothesis
General to the specific
Deductive Reasoning
Specific to General
Inductive Reasoning
classification of things according to their natural relationships
Taxonomy
TRUE OR FALSE
TAXONOMIES CAN EVOLVE INTO THEORIES WHEN THEY BEGIN TO GENERATE TESTABLE HYPOTHESIS AND TO EXPLAIN RESEARCH FINDINGS
TRUE
Two types of research:
Descriptive Research - concerned with the measurement labeling and categorization of the units employed in theory building
Hypothesis Testing - leads to an indirect verification of the usefulness of the theory
six criteria determine the usefulness of a scientific theory. Explain.
- does the theory generate research?
- Is it falsifiable?
- Does it organize and explain knowledge?
- the seat suggest practical solutions to everyday problems?
- Is it internally consistent?
- Simple or Parsimonious?
Why different theories?
1.) the very nature of the theory allows the theories to make speculations from a particular point of view
2.) Theories must be objective when gathering data
3.) Built in proven facts but on assumptions
4.) theory is a reflection of the author’s personal background and experiences
5.) Diverse Theories
