CHAPTER 1

Question 1

Originated from the latin word “Persona”. Also referred to as a theatrical mask.

Answer 1

Personality

Question 2

A pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics.

Answer 2

Personality

Question 3

Contribute to individual differences in behavior.

Answer 3

Traits

Question 4

Unique qualities of an individual.

ex. Temperament, Physique, and Intelligence

Answer 4

Characteristics

Question 5

What is a theory?

Answer 5

Set of assumptions that allow scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypotheses.

Question 6

A single assumption that can never fill all the requirements of an adequate theory.

Answer 6

Set of assumptions

Question 7

A theory that is a “Set of related assumptions”

Answer 7

isolated assumptions can neither be generated meaningful hypothesis nor possess internal consistency

Question 8

this is where the components of a theory are not proven facts in the sense that their validity has been established

Answer 8

Definition of Assumptions

Question 9

What is used by the researcher to formulate their hypothesis?

Answer 9

Logical Deductibe Reasoning

Question 10

A principle or belief

Answer 10

Tenets

Question 11

this is where the hypothesis need not to be tested immediately but it must suggest the possibility that scientists and the future might develop the necessary means to test it

Answer 11

Qualifier Testable

Question 12

Means love of wisdom

Answer 12

Philosophy

Question 13

What is Epistemology?

Answer 13

Nature of Knowledge

Question 14

TRUE OR FALSE

Philisophy does not deal with “oughts” and “should”

Answer 14

FALSE

Answer: Theory

Question 15

They are much more than mere armchair speculation

Answer 15

Speculation

Question 16

the branch of study concerned with the observation and classification of data and with the verification of general laws through the testing of hypothesis

Answer 16

Science

Question 17

Useful “tools” employed by Scientists

Answer 17

Theories

Question 18

An educated guess or prediction

Answer 18

Hypothesis

Question 19

General to the specific

Answer 19

Deductive Reasoning

Question 20

Specific to General

Answer 20

Inductive Reasoning

Question 21

classification of things according to their natural relationships

Answer 21

Taxonomy

Question 22

TRUE OR FALSE

TAXONOMIES CAN EVOLVE INTO THEORIES WHEN THEY BEGIN TO GENERATE TESTABLE HYPOTHESIS AND TO EXPLAIN RESEARCH FINDINGS

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

Two types of research:

Answer 23

Descriptive Research - concerned with the measurement labeling and categorization of the units employed in theory building

Hypothesis Testing - leads to an indirect verification of the usefulness of the theory

Question 24

six criteria determine the usefulness of a scientific theory. Explain.

Answer 24

• does the theory generate research?
• Is it falsifiable?
• Does it organize and explain knowledge?
• the seat suggest practical solutions to everyday problems?
• Is it internally consistent?
• Simple or Parsimonious?

Question 25

Why different theories?

Answer 25

1.) the very nature of the theory allows the theories to make speculations from a particular point of view

2.) Theories must be objective when gathering data

3.) Built in proven facts but on assumptions

4.) theory is a reflection of the author’s personal background and experiences

5.) Diverse Theories