Chapter 1

Question 1

Functional Relation

Answer 1

Experiment reveals that manipulation of one event reliably produces a change in another event

Question 2

Determinishm

Answer 2

Universe is a lawful place. Events occur as a result of other events

Question 3

Empiricism

Answer 3

Practice of objective observation

Question 4

Replication

Answer 4

repeating experiments to determine reliability of results

Question 5

Parsimony

Answer 5

rule out simple, logical explanations first

Question 6

Philosophic Doubt

Answer 6

scientists continually question the truthfulness of what is regarded as fact

Question 7

Science

Answer 7

a systematic approach to the understanding of natural phenomenon

Question 8

Behaviourism

Answer 8

philosophy of the science of behaviour

Question 9

EAB

Answer 9

Experimental Analysis of Behaviour (research)

Question 10

What are the attitudes of science?

Answer 10

Determinism, Empiricism, Experimentation, Replication, Parsimony and Philosophic Doubt

Question 11

Watson initially argued…

Answer 11

For direct observation of the relationship between environmental stimuli (S) and the response they evoke (R)

Question 12

Who is responsible for EAB?

Answer 12

B.F. Skinner

Question 13

What is respondent behaviour?

Answer 13

Reflexive. I.e. bright light and pupils constrict S-R reflex

Question 14

What is operant behaviour?

Answer 14

Are behaviours that are influenced by stimulus changes that have followed the behaviour in the past

Question 15

Mentalism

Answer 15

Assumes that a mental of inner dimension exists that differs from a behavioural dimension

Question 16

Explanatory Fiction

Answer 16

a fictitious variable that is often simply another name for the observed behaviour that gives nothing to an understanding of the variables responsible for maintaining the behaviour (circular)

Question 17

Methodological Behaviourism

Answer 17

Those that denied the existence of “inner variables” that were outside the realm of scientific account

Question 18

Radical Behaviourism (who and what)

Answer 18

Skinner; seeks to understand all human behaviour including private events

Question 19

What are the defining characteristics of ABA

Answer 19

Applied, Behavioural, Analytic, Technological, Conceptually Systematic, Effective, Generality

Question 20

Describe the Applied characteristic of ABA

Answer 20

Improves socially significant behaviour

Question 21

Describe the Behavioural characteristic of ABA

Answer 21

Behaviour chosen must be the one in need of improvement. Behaviour must be measurable. Need to ensure that the correct person’s behaviour has changed

Question 22

Describe the Analytic characteristic of ABA

Answer 22

Looks at the functional relations between manipulated events and reliable changes in measurable behaviour

Question 23

Describe the Technological characteristic of ABA

Answer 23

When all procedures are documented such that someone else can replicate the procedure

Question 24

Describe the Conceptually Systematic characteristic of ABA

Answer 24

Procedures for changing behaviour and why used should be described in terms of relevant principles

Question 25

Describe the Effective characteristic of ABA

Answer 25

Must improve the behaviour to a practical degree

Question 26

Describe the Generality characteristic of ABA

Answer 26

The behaviour change lasts over time, appears in environments and spreads to other behaviours not directly treated with intervention.

Question 27

Name some other minor characteristics of ABA

Answer 27

Accountable, Public, Doable, Empowering and Optomistic

Question 28

What is a private event (PE)?

Answer 28

an event that stimulates only 1 person. Usually contained within the skin such as a thought