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Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy is the study, classification, and description of

A

The structure and organs of the human body

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2
Q

Physiology is the science that deals with

A

The functions of the living organisms and it’s parts

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3
Q

Osteology

A

Study of bones

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4
Q

Arthrology

A

Study of joints

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5
Q

Axial skeleton

A

80 bones. Skull, ribs, vertebrae.

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6
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

126 bones. Scapula, clavicle, arms, legs, pelvis

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7
Q

4 classifications of bones

A

Long, short, flat, and irregular

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8
Q

Long bones

A

Upper arm, forearm, femur, tib/fib

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9
Q

Short bones

A

Wrist, foot, carpals, tarsals

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10
Q

Irregular bones

A

Vertebrae

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11
Q

Flat bones

A

Skull, scapula, sternum

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12
Q

Functional joints, determined by mobility of joint

A

SAD
- synarthrosis
- amphiarthrosis
- diarthrosis

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13
Q

Structural joints

A
  • fibrous joints
  • cartilaginous joints
  • synovial joints
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14
Q

Fibrous joints

A
  • syndesmosis
  • suture
  • gomphosis
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15
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A
  • symphysis
  • synchondrosis
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16
Q

Synovial joints

A

Also have synovial capsule, different movement

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17
Q

Syndesmoses are fibrous articulations held together by

A

Interosseous ligaments. SLIGHTLY moveable. Little ligaments between bones. Amphiarthrodial

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18
Q

Sutures are immovable joints found in the

A

Skull; make ligaments make contacts with teeth like projections. Synarthroidal

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19
Q

Gomphosis have

A

Limited movement/teeth. Amphiarthrodial

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20
Q

Symphyses joints are a broad flattened disk of fibrocartilage

A

Between two bony surfaces. Pubic, intervertebral discs

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21
Q

Synchondrosis is a temporary joint where

A

Hyaline cartilage turns into bone. Long bones and growth plates have these

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22
Q

Synovial joints are freely moveable with a fibrous (joint) capsule, are generally

A

Diarthrodial. Mostly found in upper and lower limbs and reinforced by ligaments

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23
Q

Movements of synovial joints

A
  • plane (gliding)
  • ginglymus (hinge)
  • pivot (trochoid)
  • ellipsoid (condylar)
  • saddle (sellar)
  • ball & socket (spheroidal)
  • bicondylar
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24
Q

Body habitus

A
  • sthenic (most common)
  • hyposthenic/asthenic
  • hypersthenic (least common)
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25
Q

Axial (horizontal) plane is a

A

Transverse plane that divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) parts

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26
Q

Longitudinal sections

A

Sagittal, coronal, oblique

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27
Q

Base plane of the skull is a transverse plane connecting

A

The bottom of the orbit to the top of the EAM

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28
Q

Occlusal plane of the skull is a horizontal plane formed by the

A

Biting surface of the teeth with jaw closed

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29
Q

Anterior or ventral

A

AnVe- front half of patient in anatomical position

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30
Q

Posterior or dorsal

A

PoDo- back half of patient in anatomical position.

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31
Q

Dorsum pedis

A

Top of foot, anterior or ventral

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32
Q

Plantar surface of foot

A

Bottom of foot, posterior or dorsal

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33
Q

Radiographic positions

A
  • PA
  • AP
  • PA oblique
  • AP oblique
  • mediolateral
  • lateromedial
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34
Q

Mediolateral projection, CR enters the

A

Medial aspect and exits the lateral

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35
Q

Lateromedial projection, the CR enters the

A

Lateral aspect of the part and exits medially

36
Q

Supine

A

Laying on back, facing upwards

37
Q

Prone

A

Laying on abdomen facing downwards

38
Q

Erect

A

Upright to stand or sit erect

39
Q

Recumbent

A

Lying down in any position.
- dorsal recumbent (supine)
- ventral recumbent (prone)
- lateral recumbent (lying on side)

40
Q

Trendelenburg

A

Head lower than feet

41
Q

Fowler

A

Head higher than feet

42
Q

Sims

A

Recumbent oblique position. Patient on left anterior side, right knee flexed, left arm behind back

43
Q

Lithotomy position

A

OBGYN stirrups

44
Q

Lateral recumbent is labeled based on

A

Whatever side is on the table

45
Q

Lateral position is a side view that is determined by the side

A

Closest to the IR, or which side the CR exits

46
Q

Left or right posterior oblique positions of the torso (LPO or RPO)

A

Labeled by which side is closed to the IR

47
Q

Left or right anterior oblique positions of torso (LAO or RAO)

A

Labeled based on which anterior part of the body is facing/closest to the IR

48
Q

Decubitus

A

Body on horizontal surface and CR is horizontal

49
Q

Right or left lateral decub is labeled by

A

Side down. CR can enter AP or PA

50
Q

Dorsal decub

A

Lying on the back, L or R lateral labeled by side closest to IR

51
Q

Ventral decub

A

Lying on stomach, L or R lateral labeled by side closest to IR

52
Q

Axial projection

A

Inferosuperior axial projection and superoinferior axial projection

53
Q

Tangential projection, CR touches a curve/surface only at one point and

A

Demonstrates part of anatomy without superimposition of another part of anatomy

54
Q

Cephalad (cephalic)

A

Towards the head

55
Q

Caudad (caudal)

A

Towards the feet

56
Q

Internal (interior)

A

Nearer to the center

57
Q

External (exterior)

A

Away from the center

58
Q

Superficial

A

Nearer the skin surface

59
Q

Deep

A

Away from skin, father into the body

60
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side of body

61
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite side of body

62
Q

Flexion

A

Decreases angle of a joint

63
Q

Extension

A

Straightening of a joint

64
Q

Ulnar deviation

A

Turn/bend the hand/wrist towards ulnar side

65
Q

Radial deviation

A

Turn/bend hand/wrist towards the radial side

66
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Decrease the angle at the top of the foot. Toes pointing to the sky

67
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Extend joint ankle.

68
Q

Eversion

A

Outward stress movement of the foot at the ankle joint

69
Q

Inversion

A

Inward stress movement of the ankle without rotation of the foot

70
Q

Valgus

A

Abnormal position of a body part away from the midline of the body

71
Q

Varus

A

Abnormal position of a body part forced towards the midline of the body

72
Q

Internal (medial) rotation

A

Turning of anterior body part towards the medial plane

73
Q

External (lateral) rotation

A

Anterior part away from medial plane

74
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of arm or leg away from midline of the body

75
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of arm or leg towards the midline of the body

76
Q

Rotation turns/rotates the body part on its axis but tilt is a slanting

A

Movement with respect to the long axis

77
Q

Position indicates patients general physical position and

A

Specific body positions such as oblique and lateral

78
Q

Projection is the correct positioning term that describes or refers to a path or

A

Direction of the CR, projecting the image onto the IR

79
Q

View is the discussion of a

A

Radiograph or image (not a correct positioning term)

80
Q

Images should have these 2 markers minimum

A
  • patient identification & date
  • anatomical side marker
81
Q

Minimum of 3 projections when imaging joints

A
  • usually AP or PA, oblique, or lateral
  • due to multiple surfaces & angles of the bones of the joint
82
Q

Topographic landmarks are bony projections of the body that a radiographer must

A

Palpate to determine where organs and structures of the body are located

83
Q

Palpation

A

Applying light pressure to the patient with fingertips, always inform patient and why

84
Q

Portrait

A

Lengthwise

85
Q

Landscape

86
Q

Decub images are placed

A

Horizontally with the patients side up facing up

Positioning 1 (13 decks)

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