Chapter 1 Flashcards
What 4 big global changes have happened in the last 20-30 years
Increase in Political freedom
Famines (Ethiopia Sudan)
Civil war (Rwanda, Bosnia)
Natural disasters (tsunami, earth q)
What is global health
Study of the health of populations in a global context. Studies both the diseases and their causes
Despite improvements in health over the last few decades, what is still very prevalent around the world?
Malnutrition, poverty, and health inequalities are still prevalent
GH consists of _____ organizations with the overall aim to improve health of populations in _____
Consists of private, governmental, and international organizations,
Improve health of ppl in developing countries
GH uses _____ research and action, focusing on _____
Collaborative trans-national research,
Focusing on the people
No initiative will be successful without being _____
conscientious about the target population
Important to listen to local ppl during planning and implementation
Initiatives can include ____
Economic interventions
Medical initiatives
Human rights initiatives
What does global health strive for
Health equity and freedom for people
What did economist Amartya argue
Development as Freedom
What are 5 types of freedom from Amartya Sen
Political freedoms
economic facilities
Social opportunities
Transparency guarantees
Protective security
(PESTS)
8 MGD goals
Eradicate hunger and poverty
Universal primary education
Gender equality
Child mortality
Maternal health
HIV/aids, malaria, diseases
Environmental sustainability
Global partnership for development
3 negative critiques about MGDs
Statistics were reported as averages on multiple countries
No adequate involvement of developing countries, not adapted to national needs
Left our issues such as conflict situations, disasters, non-communicable diseases, mental health disorders, large inequalities
Positive difference of MGDs
Increase access to safe drinking water, sanitation, education
Targets for tackling malaria and TB were met
Significant poverty reduction
Substantial progress was made in reducing child under-nutrition, child mortality, and maternal mortality
In 1990 50% of pop in developing world lived in less than $___ a day, that dropped to ___% in 2015
$1.25 USD
Dropped to14% in 2015
Transition from MDG to SDG was premised on building a sustainable world where ___ ___ & ___ were equally valued.
Environmental sustainability
Social inclusion
Economic development
SDGs included issues that MDGs left out, such as:
Disasters, conflict situations, mental health disorders, large inequalities, non-communicable diseases (obesity, smoking illness, substance abuse)
Majority of ppl living in extreme poverty are from ____
South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. 80% of the extreme poor
What 2 things often follows poverty?
Inequity and injustice
GH avg show decline in malnutrition but there was a slow process reaching MGD for malnutrition bc of _____
Increased food prices and global recession.
Especially in Asia and Africa
Famines and starvation has been replaced with
Chronic Malnutrition
Malnutrition can refer to ____ & ____
Under nutrition or
Over consumption
Leading causes of childhood death
Preterm birth complications
Pneumonia
Birth asphyxia & trauma
Diarrhea
Child mortality rates have been reduced by ____ in many countries.
Still, _____ deaths happen per year.
Reduced by half
5 million deaths
Most of the deaths could have been treatable, preventable, and avoidable if they lived in developing countries
____ children die from measles each year. 99% vax efficacy costing $__ a child
90k children die
Vax costs $1USD per child
Developing regions account for ____ of global maternal deaths.
SS Africa accounts for ____
Devo countries 99%
SS Africa, 66% of the 99
Majority of maternal deaths in developing countries could be avoidable with …
improved standards of care
25% of total pregnancy related deaths were due to
Bleeding to death
370 million indigenous ppl in the world, forming ___ separate groups and expanding over ___ countries
5,000 separate groups
Over 90 countries
Indigenous ppl share a history of ___ resulting in ____
History of conquest and discrimination resulting in poor treatment and reduced access to health care
___ wars have replaced ___ wars
Internal wars replaced external war between counties
What has internal wars resulted in, giving rise to _____ term
High levels of violence against civilian populations
Progressive economic social collapse
Displacement
Giving rise to humanitarian disaster
Two of the most deadliest, and most costly disasters in history
Asian tsunami & Haitian earth quake
Hurricane Katrina and Kobe earthquake
As the global population increases, the movement of _____ has attributed to the steady increase in _____
Movement of people towards living in vulnerable areas
Steady increase in death rates from disasters each decade
Some other topics to think about in relation to natural disasters
Climate change
Mitigation efforts (planning and preparedness)
Global migration (forced and unforced)
Abuses of basic human rights are not confined solely to ____
Issues include:
The developing world
Issues: discrimination and oppression based on gender, or violence against particular ethnic/religions/racial groups
Beneficial changes in the rights of individuals are a growing feature of ..
Large scale aid projects
Areas of trust that are relevant to GH initiatives
Partnership trust
Government trust
Technology trust
Community trust
SDGs are bound to shape the foreign aid industry with more focus on
Metrics, impact, and equity
How many millions of ppl live in extreme poverty ?
836 million
80% of extremely poor ppl live in SS Africa and South Asia
How many ppl suffering from Malnutrition
795 million people suffering from malnutrition
What has slowed the progress for reaching MDG for malnutrition?
Increased food prices and global recession
have combined to slow progress in reaching the MDGs for malnutrition
Death from starvation has largely been replaced by the debilitating effects of ____ , which sap the energy and the potential of huge numbers of the world’s population
chronic malnutrition
Through its effects on a child’s immune response , malnutrition greatly increases ____ from diseases such as
___ & ____
mortality
gastroenteritis and measles .
Since 1990 , annual deaths of children under five have fallen from ___ to ____
12.4 million to 5.9 million
