Chapter 1

Question 1

Drug

Answer 1

substance that alters the physiology of the body (not a food or nutrient). Exogenous, not endogenous

Question 2

Names for a drug (4)

Answer 2

1) chemical name
2) generic name
3) trade, brand name
4) street/slang name

Question 3

Dose response curve (DRC)

Answer 3

Systematic description of the magnitude of effects as a function of dose.

Question 4

Graded DRC

Answer 4

shows the effect on a continuous scale. Intensity varies with dose up to a max level.

Question 5

Quantal DRC

Answer 5

all or none (dichotomous). ED50 and LD50

Question 6

ED50

Answer 6

the dose that produces a therapeutic effect in 50% of individuals

Question 7

LD50

Answer 7

the dose that is lethal to 50% of individuals

Question 8

Therapeutic index (TI)

Answer 8

LD50/ED50 ratio (the larger the safer)

Question 9

Antagonism

Answer 9

lessen the effect of the other drug. Shifts DRC to the right (lower potency). Two types competitive (competes with drug), noncompetitive (binds to a different site receptor, the drug can bind but not activate, decreases efficacy)

Question 10

Additivity and potentiation

Answer 10

Shits DRC to the left (ED50 is smaller, higher potency). Combined for additive. Greater than sum of individual effects for potentiation

Question 11

Efficacy versus potency

Answer 11

efficacy is more important. Clinical effectiveness depends on efficacy. Potency plays a role in dose, efficacy in choice of drug.