chapter 1

Question 1

Conservation Biology

Answer 1

-It is an integrated, multidisciplinary scientific field that has developed in response to the challenge of preserving species and ecosystems.

Question 2

synergistic

Answer 2

negative effects of several separate factors logging, overheating, drought, fire, climate change, poverty-combined additively or multiplactively to destroy biodiversity

Question 3

Conservation Biology has three goals

Answer 3

1. To document the full range of biological diversity on Earth(search for factual knowledge)
2. To investigate human impact on species, genetic variation, and ecosystems(search for factual knowledge)
3. To develop practical approaches to prevent the extinction of species, maintain genetic diversity within species, and protect and restore biological communities and their associated ecosystem functions (normative discipline)

Question 4

Normative discipline

Answer 4

Normative discipline:
It embraces certain values (preserving life) and attempts to apply scientific methods to achieving those values (Lindenmayer and Hunber 2010).

***values and apply scientific method
-ex: medical science
-conservation biologists prevent loss of biodiversity because they believe preserving species and natural communities to be an ultimate good

Question 5

Conservation biology differs from

Answer 5

Conservation biology differs from agriculture, forestry, wildlife management, and fisheries biology in its primary goal:

Long-term preservation of biodiversity with economic factors secondary.

(make no $, we want to preserve life.)
Conservation biology-more general theoretical approach to protecting the entire range of biodiversity

Question 6

big challenge=

Answer 6

funds

Question 7

Conservation biology merges

Answer 7

It merges applied and theoretical biology and incorporates ideas and expertise from a broad range of fields outside the natural sciences, toward the goal of preserving biodiversity.

Question 8

Environmentalism
versus
Conservation biology
Are they the same?

Answer 8

they are closely associated
environmentalism-widespread movement characterized by political and educational activism with the goal of protecting the natural environment from destruction and pollution.

Conservation biology- is a scientific discipline, based on biological research.

Question 9

basic sciences and resource management

Answer 9

basic sciences-new ideas and approaches-> resource management

resource management- field experience and research needs-> basic sciences

Question 10

Roots of conservation biology

Answer 10

Religious-many see people as spiritually and physically connected to plants and animals. Other religions protect wild areas for their spiritual experience

Cultural-painters Ralph Waldo, David Thoreau, romantic depictions of Hudson River school. (philosophers)

Philosophical-John Muir Aldo Leopold argued for preserving natural landscapes (scientists) Aachen Carson-pesticides

Metaphysical – scientific e.g., Gaia hypothesis-viewed earth as having “super organisms” whose biological, physical and chemical properties interact to regulate characteristics of the atmosphere and climate

Question 11

Major themes in Conservation biology

Answer 11

Natural resources
Ecosystem management
Sustainable development

Question 12

Natural resources

Answer 12

commodities and qualities found in nature including timber, fodder, clean water, wildlife, and even beautiful landscapes
-use for the greater good for people for the longest time

Question 13

Ecosystem management

Answer 13

places the highest management priority on the health of ecosystems and wild species

Question 14

sustainable development

Answer 14

advocates an integrated approach, calling for development that meets present and future human needs without damaging the environment or diminishing biodiversity.

Question 15

INTERNATIONAL SCOPE

Answer 15

• United Kingdom: earlier leaders
  1865 First conservation society

International Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil, 1992
- Convention of Biological Diversity: CBD
178 countries signed

-early 19th century began to realize and extinction and harm -this formed the British conservation movement in 1865- founding of commons, open spaces and footpaths preservation society in 1868

20th century acts passed to protect life.

CBD-obligates countries to protect their biodiversity but also allows them to obtain a share in the profits of new products developed from that diversity

Question 16

sea turtles

Answer 16

sea turtle pop. shrunk-> Brazilian gov. set out to design conservation program
-lacked basic info
-1980, TAMAR projecto:
-2 year survey
-tagging sea turtles
interviewed villagers
shadow changes temp. collected eggs, observed people college eggs, TAMAR is main source of income for some villagers.

Question 17

ethical principles

Answer 17

1.The diversity of species and biological communities should be preserved.
2.The untimely extinction of populations and species should be prevented.
3.Ecological complexity should be maintained.
4.Evolution should continue.
5.Biological diversity has intrinsic value.

-not every conservation biologist accepts every principle and they don’t need to.

Question 18

biophilia

Answer 18

genetic predisposition to fell affinity for biodiversity .

Question 19

1.The diversity of species and biological communities should be preserved.

Answer 19

-most agree that biodiversity is appreciated
-biophilia
-acknowledge economic value of biodiversity

Question 20

2.The untimely extinction of populations and species should be prevented.

Answer 20

2. ethically neutral event, it happens as a process of evolution however now populations are decreasing and going extinct without new pop. replacing them.

Question 21

3.Ecological complexity should be maintained.

Answer 21

we can only have ecological complexity with natural communities. cannot be in man made zoos or botanical gardens

ex: plants have special flowers because they are pollinated by special insects in the wild

Question 22

4.Evolution should continue.

Answer 22

evolution leads to new species and biodiversity increases
-avoid humans preventing or limiting evolution
-preserving endangered species is important but since they are cut off from natural environment, we don’t know if they will survive if they are released

Question 23

5.Biological diversity has intrinsic value.

Answer 23

species and community have a value of their own besides the values we place on them.
value=their very existence

Question 24

Conservation is is a crisis

Answer 24

discipline
-time pressured decisions
-provide advice
-make recommendations
-we have seen small positive changes