Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are the 3 domains that classify life?
Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
Characteristics of Archaea and Bacteria?
Small, mostly unicellular organisms that possess circular DNA, replicate by fission, and lack membrane-bound organelles
Characteristics of Eukaryotes?
Unicellular or multicellular
Possess linear DNA
replicate by mitotic and meiotic division
Possess membrane- bound organelles like nuclei, cytocskeletal, and mitochondria
How did chloroplasts evolve?
Engulfment of an ancestral photosynthetic bacterium by a eukaryotic cell- it lived and multiplied inside of the cell
What is a chloroplast?
Specialized photosynthetic organelles in eukaryotes that have pigment-containing thylaklid membranes
What is symbiosis?
2 species living together in close contact
What are green plants?
Aquatic green algae and embryophytes (land plants)
Land plant characteristics?
-Outer cuticle which protects tissues from desication
-specialized egg and sperm producing organs with outer layer of protective cells
- intercalated diplodocus phase in life cycle - termed embryo
Systematics
Description
Identification
Nomenclature
Classification
Biological evolution
Descent with modification
Transfer of genetic material from parent to offspring over time
Descent
Descent through time forms what?
Lineage
Change in genetic material that is transferred from parent to offspring
Modification
Direct alteration of DNA
Mutation
Existing genes are rsshuffled in different combinations
Genetic recombination
2 types of modification
Mutation and genetic recombination
How does evolution occur?
Genetic drift
Natural selection
Genetic change is directed and nonrandom
Natural selection
Genetic modification is random
Genetic drift
Group of individuals of same species have a significant amount of gene exchange and geographically delimited
Population
Groups of populations that are related by various criteria and have evolutionary diverged from other such groups
Species
Structure/feature that performs a particular function and which brings about increased survival or reproduction
Adaptation
Land but not vascular plants
Bryophytes
