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THEORIES OF PERSONALITY > CHAPTER 1 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 Flashcards

Introduction to Personality

1
Q

What is personality?

A

Relatively permanent traits and unique charactericts that give both consistency to a person’s behavior

Traits + characteristics = behavior

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2
Q

What is origin name of personality?

A

Persona means theatrical mask worn by roman actors in greek dramas

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3
Q

Difference of traits and characteristics

A

Traits - enduring dispositions in any given circumstances, it changes a person.
Characteristics - unique qualities like temperaments, physique and intelligence

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4
Q

What is theory?

A

A set of assumptions that allows scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to make hypothesis.

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5
Q

What is theory?

A

A set of assumptions that allows scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to make hypothesis.

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6
Q

Explain the theory into 4 components

A
  1. It cannot fill all the requirement of a theory
  2. It neither generate a hypothesis
  3. Components are not proven facts in the sense of validity
  4. A logical deductive reasoning makes hypothesis
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7
Q

What is philosophy?

A

It is a love of wisdom

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8
Q

Differentiate philosophers from scientists

A

Philosophers rely on the wisdom from the natural experiences.
Scientist uses research and hypothesis based.

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9
Q

What is epistemology?

A

nature of knowledge

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10
Q

Do theories deals with “oughts and shoulds?”

A

Nope, only philosophy

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11
Q

What is the relationship of science and theory?

A

Science is a branch of knowledge concerned with observation and classification of data. Theory is a tool used to give meaning and organize the observations

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12
Q

What are the two essential cornerstones of theory building?

A
  1. Speculation

2. Empirical Observation

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13
Q

What is hypothesis?

A

Educated guess or statement

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14
Q

Deductive reasoning versus Inductive reasoning

A

Deductive means general

Inductive means simple

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15
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

It is a classification of things based on natural relationships

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16
Q

What are the five major theoretrical perspective?

A
  1. Psychodynamic theories
  2. Humanistic - existentialist theories
  3. Traits - dispositional theories
  4. Biological - Evolutionary theories
  5. Learning (social) cognitive theories
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17
Q

Give the 7 famous theorists of psychodynamics

A 
Freud
Adler
Jung
Klein
Fromm
Horney
Erikson
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18
Q

Give the 2 famous theoriests of Humanistic

A

Maslow

Rogers

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19
Q

Give the 1 famous theoriest of Existential

A

May

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20
Q

Give the 3 famous theoriests of Dispositional

A

Allport and McCrae and Costa

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21
Q

Give the 2 famous theoriests of Biological - Evolutionary

A

Eysenk and Buss

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22
Q

Give the 5 famous theoriests of LSC

A

Skinner, Bandura, Rotter, Mischel and Kelly

23
Q

Who is known for his unconscious mind?

A

Sigmund Freud

24
Q

Who is known for his early collections?

A

Adler

25
Q

Who is known for his collective collections?

A

Jung

26
Q

Who is known for his archetypes?

A

Klein

27
Q

Who is known for his object-relations?

A

Horney

28
Q

Who is known for his identity crisis?

A

Erikson

29
Q

Who is known for his relatedness?

A

Fromm

30
Q

Who is known for his meaningful life, psychological well-being and growth?

A

Maslow

Rogers

31
Q

Who is known for his search for meaning?

A

May

32
Q

Who is known for his traits and motives?

A

Allport

33
Q

Who is known for five trait personality?

A

McCrae and Costa

34
Q

Who is known for his brain structures, neurochemical and genes?

A

Eysenck

35
Q

Who is known for his adaptive mechanism?

A

Buss

36
Q

Who is known for his conditioned responses and observational learning?

A

Skinner

37
Q

Who is known for his modeling and self-efficacy?

A

Bandura

38
Q

Who is known for his cognitive-affective units?

A

Rotter and Mischel

39
Q

What are the three quantitative side of theories in psychology?

A

Behaviorists, Social learning Theorists, Trait theorists

40
Q

What are the three qualitative side of theories in psychology?

A

Psychodynamic, humanists and existentialists

41
Q

What are the six criteria for a useful theory?

A
  1. generates research
  2. falsifiable
  3. organizes data
  4. guides action
  5. internally consistent
  6. parsimonous
42
Q

What are the two kinds of research?

A

Descriptive research and hypothesis testing

43
Q

Explain descriptive research and hypothesis testing

A

descriptive research expands the research and provide building blocks.
hypothesis indirect verification of the hypothesiss

44
Q

Explain why useful theory generates research

A

It can be a source of a new research

45
Q

Explain why useful theory is falsifiable

A

It confirmed or disconfirmed.

It must be precise enough to support or fail the major tenents.

46
Q

Explain why useful theory organizes data

A

It removed incompatible data

Give meaning to data

47
Q

Explain why useful theory guides action

A

It help the research to solve day to day problem.

If-then statement

48
Q

Explain why useful theory is internally consistent

A

Terms are operationally defined

49
Q

Explain why useful theory is parsimonous

A

The law of parsimony states that if two theories are the same, used the theory that is simpler.

50
Q

What are the six dimensions for a concept of humanity?

Explain each.

A
  1. Determinism vs. Free Choice
  2. Optimism vs. Pessism
  3. Causality vs. Teololgy
  4. Unconscious vs. Conscious mind
  5. biological vs. social influences
  6. uniqueness vs. similarities
51
Q

Reliability vs. Validity

A

Reliability used measuring instruments with consistent result
Validity used to measure what is it supposed to measure

52
Q

What are the two types of Validity?

Explain each.

A

Construct validity and predictive validity
Construct validity measures behavior using the hypothetical construct
Predictive validity measures future behaviors

53
Q

Differentiate the three types of construct validity

A

Convergent, Divergent and Discriminant Validity

  1. Convergent Validity - High correlation is expected that measures the same construct
  2. Divergent - Low scores on the inventories that do not measure that construct
  3. Discriminant - discriminate the 2 groups that is different from each other
54
Q

What is causality and Teleology?

A

Causality means past experience

Teology means future goals

THEORIES OF PERSONALITY (5 decks)

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