Chapter 06 - Cytokines

Question 1

1. The ability of a single cytokine to alter the expression of several genes is called
   a. redundancy.
   b. pleiotropy.
   c. autocrine stimulation.
   d. endocrine effect.

Question 2

2. Which of the following effects can be attributed to IL-1?
   a. Mediation of the innate immune response
   b. Differentiation of stem cells
   c. Halted growth of virally infected cells
   d. Stimulation of mast cells

Question 3

3. Which of the following precursors are target cells for IL-3?
   a. Myeloid precursors
   b. Lymphoid precursors
   c. Erythroid precursors
   d. All of the above

Question 4

4. A lack of IL-4 may result in which of the following effects?
   a. Inability to fight off viral infections
   b. Increased risk of tumors
   c. Lack of IgM
   d. Decreased eosinophil count

Question 5

5. Which of the following cytokines is also known as the T-cell growth factor?
   a. IFN-γ
   b. IL-12
   c. IL-2
   d. IL-10

Question 6

6. Which of the following represents an autocrine effect of IL-2?
   a. Increased IL-2 receptor expression by the Th cell producing it
   b. Macrophages signaled to the area of antigen
   stimulation
   c. Proliferation of antigen-stimulated B cells
   d. Increased synthesis of acute-phase proteins
   throughout the body

Question 7

7. IFN-α and IFN-β differ in which way from
   IFN-gamma?
   a. IFN-α and IFN-β are called immune interferons, and IFN-gamma is not.
   b. IFN-α and IFN-β primarily activate macrophages, whereas IFN-gamma halts viral activity.
   c. IFN-α and IFN-β are made primarily by
   activated T cells, whereas IFN-gamma is made
   by fibroblasts.
   d. IFN-α and IFN-β inhibit cell proliferation, whereas IFN-gamma stimulates antigen presentation by
   class II MHC molecules.

Question 8

8. A patient in septic shock caused by a gram-negative bacterial infection exhibits the following symptoms: high fever, very low blood pressure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Which cytokine is the most likely contributor to these symptoms?
   a. IL-2
   b. TNF
   c. IL-12
   d. IL-7

Question 9

9. IL-10 acts as an antagonist to what cytokine?
   a. IL-4
   b. TNF-α
   c. IFN-gamma
   d. TGF-β

Question 10

10. Which would be the best assay to measure a specific cytokine?
    a. Blast formation
    b. T-cell proliferation
    c. Measurement of leukocyte chemotaxis
    d. ELISA testing

Question 11

11. Selective destruction of Th cells by the human immunodeficiency virus contributes to immune
    suppression by which means?
    a. Decrease in IL-1
    b. Decrease in IL-2
    c. Decrease in IL-8
    d. Decrease in IL-10

Question 12

12. Why might a colony stimulating factor be given to a cancer patient?
    a. Stimulate activity of NK cells
    b. Increase production of certain types of leukocytes
    c. Decrease the production of TNF
    d. Increase production of mast cells

Question 13

13. Which of the following would result from a
    lack of TNF?
    a. Decreased ability to fight gram-negative bacterial infections
    b. Increased expression of class II MHC molecules
    c. Decreased survival of cancer cells
    d. Increased risk of septic shock

Question 14

14. Which cytokine acts to promote differentiation of T cells to the Th1 subclass?
    a. IL-4
    b. IFN-α
    c. IL-12
    d. IL-10

Question 15

15. What is the major function of T regulatory cells?
    a. Suppression of the immune response by
    producing TNF
    b. Suppression of the immune response by
    inducing IL-10
    c. Proliferation of the immune response by
    producing IL-2
    d. Proliferation of the immune response by
    inducing IL-4

Question 16

16. Th17 cells affect the innate immune response by inducing production of which cytokines?
    a. IFN-γ and IL-2
    b. IL-4 and IL-10
    c. IL-2 and IL-4
    d. TNF-α and IL-6