Chapter 03 - Innate Immunity

Question 1

1. The term for enhancement of phagocytosis by coating of foreign particles with serum proteins is
   a. opsonization.
   b. agglutination.
   c. solubilization.
   d. chemotaxis.

Question 2

2. Which of the following plays an important role as an external defense mechanism?
   a. Phagocytosis
   b. C-reactive protein
   c. Lysozyme
   d. Complement

Question 3

3. The process of inflammation is characterized by all of the following except
   a. increased blood supply to the area.
   b. migration of WBCs.
   c. decreased capillary permeability.
   d. appearance of acute-phase reactants.

Question 4

4. Skin, lactic acid secretions, stomach acidity, and the motion of cilia represent which type of
   immunity?
   a. Innate
   b. Cross
   c. Adaptive
   d. Auto

Question 5

5. The structure formed by the fusion of engulfed material and enzymatic granules within the phagocytic cell is called a
   a. phagosome.
   b. lysosome.
   c. vacuole.
   d. phagolysosome

Question 6

6. The presence of human microbiota (normal flora) acts as a defense mechanism by which of the following methods?
   a. Maintaining an acid environment
   b. Competing with potential pathogens
   c. Keeping phagocytes in the area
   d. Coating mucosal surfaces

Question 7

7. Measurement of CRP levels can be used for all of the following except
   a. monitoring drug therapy with anti-inflammatory agents.
   b. tracking the progress of an organ transplant.
   c. diagnosis of a specific bacterial infection.
   d. determining active phases of rheumatoid
   arthritis.

Question 8

8. Pathogen recognition receptors act by
   a. recognizing molecules common to both host cells and pathogens.
   b. recognizing molecules that are unique to pathogens.
   c. helping to spread infection because they are found on pathogens.
   d. all recognizing the same pathogens.

Question 9

9. Which of the following are characteristics of
   acute-phase reactants?
   a. Rapid increase following infection
   b. Enhancement of phagocytosis
   c. Nonspecific indicators of inflammation
   d. All of the above

Question 9

10. Which is the most significant agent formed in the phagolysosome for the elimination of microorganisms?
    a. Proteolytic enzymes
    b. Hydrogen ions
    c. Hypochlorite ions
    d. Superoxides

Question 10

11. Which acute-phase reactant helps to prevent formation of peroxides and free radicals that may damage tissues?
    a. Haptoglobin
    b. Fibrinogen
    c. Ceruloplasmin
    d. Serum amyloid A

Question 11

12. Which statement best describes Toll-like receptors (TLRs)?
    a. They protect adult flies from infection.
    b. They are found on all host cells.
    c. They only play a role in adaptive immunity.
    d. They enhance phagocytosis.

Question 12

13. The action of CRP can be distinguished from that of an antibody because
    a. CRP acts before the antibody appears.
    b. only the antibody triggers the complement cascade.
    c. binding of the antibody is calcium-dependent.
    d. only CRP acts as an opsonin.

Question 13

14. How does innate immunity differ from adaptive immunity?
    a. Innate immunity requires prior exposure to a
    pathogen.
    b. Innate immunity depends upon normally present body functions.
    c. Innate immunity develops later than adaptive
    immunity.
    d. Innate immunity is more specific than adaptive immunity.

Question 14

15. A 40-year-old male who is a smoker develops symptoms of premature emphysema. The symptoms may be caused by a deficiency of which of the following acute-phase reactants?
    a. Haptoglobin
    b. Alpha1-antitrypsin
    c. Fibrinogen
    d. Ceruloplasmin

Question 15

16. Which statement best describes NK cells?
    a. Their response against pathogens is very specific.
    b. They only react when an abundance of MHC
    antigens is present.
    c. They react when both an inhibitory and activating signal is triggered.
    d. They are able to kill target cells without previous exposure to them.