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STEVENS I - Nature of the Immune System > Chapter 01 - Introduction to Immunity & the Immune System > Flashcards

Chapter 01 - Introduction to Immunity & the Immune System Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which of the following can be attributed to Pasteur?
    a. Discovery of opsonins
    b. Observation of phagocytosis
    c. First attenuated vaccines
    d. Theory of humoral immunity
A

c. First attenuated vaccines

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2
Q
  1. Which WBC is capable of further differentiation in tissues?
    a. Neutrophil
    b. Eosinophil
    c. Basophil
    d. Monocyte
A

d. Monocyte

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3
Q
  1. The cells that Metchnikoff first observed are associated with which phenomenon?
    a. Innate immunity
    b. Adaptive immunity
    c. Humoral immunity
    d. Specific immunity
A

a. Innate immunity

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4
Q
  1. Where are all undifferentiated lymphocytes made?
    a. Bone marrow
    b. Spleen
    c. Thymus
    d. Lymph nodes
A

a. Bone marrow

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5
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is true of NK cells?
    a. They rely upon memory for antigen recognition.
    b. They have the same CD groups as B cells.
    c. They are found mainly in lymph nodes.
    d. They kill target cells without prior exposure to them.
A

d. They kill target cells without prior exposure to them.

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6
Q
  1. Which cell is the most potent phagocytic cell in the tissue?
    a. Neutrophil
    b. Dendritic cell
    c. Eosinophil
    d. Basophil cell
A

b. Dendritic cell

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7
Q
  1. The ability of an individual to resist infection by means of normally present body functions is called
    a. innate immunity.
    b. humoral immunity.
    c. adaptive immunity.
    d. cross-immunity.
A

a. innate immunity.

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8
Q
  1. A cell characterized by a nucleus with two to five lobes, a diameter of 10 to 15 μm, and a large number of neutral staining granules is identified as a(n)
    a. eosinophil.
    b. monocyte.
    c. basophil.
    d. neutrophil.
A

d. neutrophil.

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9
Q
  1. Which of the following is a primary lymphoid organ?
    a. Lymph node
    b. Spleen
    c. Thymus
    d. MALT
A

c. Thymus

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10
Q
  1. What type of cells would be found in a primary follicle?
    a. Unstimulated B cells
    b. Germinal centers
    c. Plasma cells
    d. Memory cells
A

a. Unstimulated B cells

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11
Q
  1. Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of B cells?
    a. Act as helper cells
    b. Presence of surface antibody
    c. Able to kill target cells without prior exposure
    d. Active in phagocytosis
A

b. Presence of surface antibody

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12
Q
  1. Where do lymphocytes mainly come in contact with antigens?
    a. Secondary lymphoid organs
    b. Bloodstream
    c. Bone marrow
    d. Thymus
A

a. Secondary lymphoid organs

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13
Q
  1. Which of the following is found on the T cell subset known as helpers?
    a. CD19
    b. CD4
    c. CD8
    d. CD56
A

b. CD4

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14
Q
  1. Which of the following statements best characterizes adaptive immunity?
    a. Relies on normally present body functions
    b. Response is similar for each exposure
    c. Specificity for each individual pathogen
    d. Involves only cellular immunity
A

c. Specificity for each individual pathogen

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15
Q
  1. The main function of T cells in the immune response is to
    a. produce cytokines that regulate both innate and adaptive immunity.
    b. produce antibodies.
    c. participate actively in phagocytosis.
    d. respond to target cells without prior exposure.
A

a. produce cytokines that regulate both innate and adaptive immunity.

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16
Q
  1. Which of the following is a part of humoral immunity?
    a. Cells involved in phagocytosis
    b. Neutralization of toxins by serum
    c. Macrophages and mast cells in the tissue
    d. T and B cells in lymph nodes
A

b. Neutralization of toxins by serum

17
Q
  1. Immunity can be defined as
    a. the study of medicines used to treat diseases.
    b. a specific population at risk for a disease.
    c. the condition of being resistant to disease.
    d. the study of the noncellular portion of the blood.
A

c. the condition of being resistant to disease.

18
Q
  1. A blood cell that has reddish staining granules and is able to kill large parasites describes
    a. basophils.
    b. monocytes.
    c. neutrophils.
    d. eosinophils.
A

d. eosinophils.

19
Q
  1. Which of the following statements best describes a lymph node?
    a. It is considered a primary lymphoid organ.
    b. It removes old RBCs.
    c. It collects fluid from the tissues.
    d. It is where B cells mature.
A

c. It collects fluid from the tissues.

20
Q
  1. Antigenic groups identified by different sets of antibodies reacting in a similar manner to certain standard cell lines best describes
    a. cytokines.
    b. clusters of differentiation (CD).
    c. neutrophilic granules.
    d. opsonins.
A

b. clusters of differentiation (CD).

21
Q

Case Study #2.
You and a friend are discussing the relative merits of immunizations. Your friend says that he doesn’t want to get a tetanus booster shot because he has a good immune system and his natural defenses will take care of any possible infection. You have just been studying this subject in your immunology class.

Question:
a. What argument could you make to convince him that a tetanus booster is a good idea?

A

Case Study #2.
a. The adaptive immune system is characterized by specificity and memory. When exposed to the same foreign substance numerous times, the response is increased each time. Thus, with a serious disease such as tetanus, getting a booster shot of a similar but harmless substance will stimulate the immune system each time a booster is given. Restimulating the adaptive immune response provides greater protection than the innate immune system on its own, which could possibly be overwhelmed by pathogens such as the bacteria that cause tetanus.

21
Q

Case Study #1.
A 13-year-old girl had her ears pierced at a small jewelry store in a mall. Although she was instructed to clean the area around the earrings with alcohol, she forgot for the first 2 days. On the third day she noticed that the area around one earlobe was red and slightly swollen.

Questions:
a. Which branch of the immune system is likely the cause of the symptoms?
b. What type of cell would you expect to see in the tissue?

A

Case Study #1.
a. Because the swelling has occurred within 2 days, it is most likely caused by an innate immune response. The adaptive immune response takes longer to develop because it depends upon lymphocytes recognizing a specific antigen. Swelling and redness in the tissue is caused by neutrophils leaving the bloodstream by means of diapedesis in response to the presence of bacteria.

b. There may be macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells present.

STEVENS I - Nature of the Immune System (7 decks)

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