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World Civilization 1 > Chapter 02: Mesopotamia > Flashcards

Chapter 02: Mesopotamia Flashcards

1
Q

When did the last Ice Age end?

A

15,000-10,000 B.C.E.

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2
Q

When was the first evidence of agriculture in the Levantine Corridor?

A

10,000 B.C.E.

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3
Q

When did the Sumerians arrive in Mesopotamia?

A

5,000 B.C.E.

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4
Q

When did the Sumerian city-states begin to develop?

A

3,000 B.C.E.

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5
Q

Global Warming in 15,000 B.C.E. caused what?

A

Ice glaciers to melt

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6
Q

The ___________ led to the first farming settlements.

A

Dryas Event

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7
Q

By ___________ cereal agriculture was wide spread.

A

8,000 B.C.E.

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8
Q

Who lived in lower Mesopotamia in 5,000 B.C.E?

A

Sumerians

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9
Q

List the accomplishmets of the Smerians:

A
  1. large cities, then city-states
  2. sophisticated system of writing
  3. monumental buildings
  4. Probably invented the wheel
  5. developed an irrigation system using gravity
  6. use of a plow
  7. made bronze utensils and weapons
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10
Q

Effective, unified rule over Mesoptamia occurs whenever ________ takes power in 2,300 B.C.E.?

A

Sargon the Great

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11
Q

What occupations in this society required an education, formal training, or apprenticeships?

A

scribes, priesthood, metalworking, shopkeepers, clerks, laborers

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12
Q

What occupations in this society did NOT require an education?

A

carters, wine pressers, millers

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13
Q

Who comleted the essential task of fetching water?

A

The women and the children

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14
Q

What is polytheism?

A

the belief in many gods

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15
Q

Who was Innana?

A

the goddess of love and fertility

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16
Q

Who was Enki?

A

the water-god

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17
Q

What were the Ziggurats?

A

Pyramids where gods reside and preists made offerings

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18
Q

What is the most famous Ziggurat?

A

The tower of Babel

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19
Q

What were the two key factors of the Mesopotamian environment?

A

Aridity of climate and the unpredicatinility of the rivers

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20
Q

Religion focused on the control of these:
Mesopotamian gods were ______________
Men, women viewed as ______ of god-creators
People intended to provide ______.

A
  1. cruel (like nature)
  2. slaves
  3. labor
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21
Q

The Mesopotamians had no trace of ethics. They instead focused on:

A

offerings and acts to win regularity with nature

22
Q

Mesopotamian gods punished, but not for sins, by

A

Natural Catastrophes (drought, flood)

23
Q

Did the Mesopotamian people believe in an afterlife?

A

No clear sense of immorality

24
Q

What is the Epic of Gilgamesh?

A

Creation myth

25
Q

What was the first epic poem in world literature?

A

Epic of Gilgamesh

26
Q

List two themes of the Epic of Gilgamesh:

A
  1. a king’s desire for the secret of immoral life

2. god’s jealous of the king’s power defeat him

27
Q

How did the Mesopotamians contribute to Chronology?

A
  • discovered time was a of a cyclic nature

- developed 2 calendars: Lunar and Solar

28
Q

How did the Mesopotamians contribute to modern western societies?

A

The base unit of 60 (60 seconds and 60 minutes)

The 360 degree circle

29
Q

What is the term used to describe symbols that derived from pictures?

A

pictography

30
Q

What is the term used to describe script in wedge-shaped characters after 3,500 B.C.E.?

A

Cuneiform writing

31
Q

When did Emperor Hammurabi reign?

A

1,700 B.C.E.

32
Q

What are the two distinct principles of Hammurabi’s Law/Code?

A
  1. punishmet depends on the social rank of the violater

2. offenders are subject to the same damages inflicted on others

33
Q

What is the famous quote from Hammurabi’s Code?

A

“an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth”

34
Q

Occording to Hammurabi’s law were all people equal?

A

Individuals were NOT equal before the law, husbands over wives, fathers over children. rich over poor, freemen over slaves

35
Q

Hammurabi’s code believed that the governement should act as a what?

A

impatrial referee

36
Q

What is a theocracy?

A

rule by the god(s) or priest(s)

37
Q

What is a kingdom?

A

an empire, the first known began with Sargon the Great

38
Q

What is the difference between a city and a village?

A

City- king is the head

Village- social equality

39
Q

What were the three classes?

A
  1. Small Groups of the Powerful
  2. Freemen
  3. Slaves
40
Q

Who was in the highest class?

A

priests, noble landlords

41
Q

Who was in the middle class?

A

laborers, workers, common man

42
Q

Who was in the lowest class?

A

slaves-had no political rights

43
Q

Was salvery in Mesopotamia different than slavery in colonial America?

A

Yes, in Mesopotamia slavery was a temporary condition that was seldom inherritable, and had no ties to race or ethnicity, and was accepted socially throughout

44
Q

How were women viewed in society?

A

Their sexuality was sacred, dowries and marriage contracts were common, as well as arranged marriages

45
Q

Who united Mesopotamia?

A

The Semetic-speaking “step-children’ of the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians

46
Q

How far did trade expand?

A

from the Indus Valley (modern day Pakistan) to the Nile Valley and to the eastern Mediteranean

47
Q

Who replaced the Sumerians?

A

The Hittites (Indo-Europeans from modern day Turkey)

48
Q

Who replaced the Hittites?

A

The Assyrians

49
Q

Who replaced the Assyrians?

A

The Hebrews

50
Q

What did the Hittites do?

A
  • first to smelt iron

- established a multi-ethnic state

51
Q

What did the Assyrians do?

A

-centered their settlement in Nineveh

52
Q

Where were the Hebrews located?

A
  • orginated in Mesopotamia

- settled in Canaan (modern day Palestine)

World Civilization 1 (8 decks)

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