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World Civilization 1 > Ch. 03: Ancient Africa and Egypt > Flashcards

Ch. 03: Ancient Africa and Egypt Flashcards

1
Q

_______ is the symbol of eternal life this symbol gave the person the breath they needed to enter the afterlife.

A

Ankh

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2
Q

A crown was worn by Osiris. It is made up of the white crowns of upper Egypt and the red feathers are representative of Busiris, Osiris’s cult center in the Delta

A

Atef

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3
Q

Is what would presently be called someone’s personality

A

Ba

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4
Q

A symbol of royalty, majesty, and dominion

A

Flail and Crook

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5
Q

called the dung beetle in present day

A

Scarab

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6
Q

Africa has _____ climate/vegetation zones

A

Five (5)

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7
Q

temperate weather and good soils

A

The Mediterranean and extreme south

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8
Q

dry, treeless, steppes, from Atlantic to Indian Oceans, semi-arid grass covers plains between the desert and savanna

A

The Sahel

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9
Q

Sahara, Namid, Kalahari

A

The deserts

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10
Q

north and south of the equator to the west and center

A

the rainforest

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11
Q

grasslands of the interior plateaus south of the Sahara and north of the rainforest in West Africa and most of east-central and West Africa

A

The Savanna

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12
Q

What years was Africa’s Neolithic Period

A

11,000-3,000 BCE

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13
Q

What was significant about the Neolithic Period

A

Great rainfall

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14
Q

____ groups produced food in the region

A

Three (3)

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15
Q

What region were hunters and gathers across the Sahara

A

Nilo-Saharan speakers and Afro-Asiatic Speakers

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16
Q

The Nilo-Saharan spread where and became known as the Semites

A

Sinai Penninsula

10,000-11,000BCE

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17
Q

Name three accomplishments of the Semites

A

1-stone pottery
2-cultivated indigenous seeds
3-by 5500BCE added watermelon, guards, calabashes, and cotton

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18
Q

Who lived in the southern Sahara wetlands of west Africa

A

The Niger-Congo Speakers

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19
Q

5,000BCE the Niger-Congo speakers began to cultivate:

A

black-eyed peas, okra, groundnuts

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20
Q

in 5500-3500BCE _______ brought migration in two groups

A

climate change

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21
Q

describe the 2 migrated groups in 5500-3500BCE

A

One North: became the Berbers and others of the northern African coast
The other south became the Ethiopians and others

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22
Q

The Bantu expansion to subequatorial Africa by the Niger-Congoans further south. How did they acclimate to their new environment?

A

Used axes to clear forests

Skilled boat builders to move along the river systems

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23
Q

Where did the Batu speakers wander to?

A

From West Africa (Nigeria and Cameroon) to the Congo and by 1000BCE they were at Lake Victoria

24
Q

What were the two key impacts of the Bantu Speakers?

A
  • began to breed cattle and grow grain

- spread out in all directions to present-day south Africa by 400CE

25
Q

The Bantu speakers did not write until when?

A

they reached the Swahili Coast/Indian Ocean

26
Q

What we know today about the Bantu peoples comes from what?

A

Linguistic analysis
archeology
the writings of the Portuguese in the 1500s CE

27
Q

When did the Afro-Asians migrate down the Nile valley

A

after 5500BCE

28
Q

What were the three accomplishments of the Afro-Asians and how do we know about them?

A

1 settled as farmers along floodplains
2 became ancestors of ancient Egyptians
3 gave up on native sorghum, millets for wheat and barley
*Obtained from the Semitic relatives of Palestine, Mesopotamia

29
Q

What is a pharaoh?

A

god-king, ruling in the name of falcon god (Horus)

30
Q

Describe the Egyptians relationship with water systems?

A

dependent on the Nile River and the 30-mile wide green strip, desert hills either side

31
Q

T/F the Tigris and Euphrates rivers were prone to unpredictable flooding but the Nile was not

A

True

32
Q

Name the three kingdoms of Egypt

A

1 old
2 middle
3 new

33
Q

What years was the Old Kingdom reigning?

A

3100-2200BCE from Narmer to the First Intermediate Period

34
Q

describe the success/failure of the old kingdom

A

most successful kingdom; they excelled in art, architecture, religion, stability, and prosperity
GREATEST ACCOMPLISHMENT= Giza Pyramids

35
Q

When did the middle kingdom rule

A

2100-1650BCE

36
Q

Describe the middle kingdom

A
  • extension of rule farther south
  • conditions of laboring people steadily worsened
  • political stability
  • refinement of arts
  • trade became more extensive
  • religion became more democratic
  • small middle class of merchants
  • government officials began to appear
37
Q

when did the new kingdom rule

A

1500-700BCE

38
Q

Describe the new kingdom

A
  • also known as the empire
  • began after the defeat of the Hyksos invaders
  • lasted through the wars with the Hittites
  • ended with the Egyptian withdrawn
  • tried to convert neighbors to their lifestyle and government
  • did not last because of military reversals, internal dissent, and foreign invasions
  • despite repeated invasions (Kushites/Assyrians) during the last 300 years of independence
39
Q

What is the largest pyramid and where is it located?

A

Khufu-outside of modern-day Cario

40
Q

When were the Pharaoh’s tombs built?

A

while they were still alive

41
Q

why and when did the Egyptians build statues?

A

1300 to honor warrior pharaohs

42
Q

What and whose tomb is the only one that stands today that had not been vandalized and completely looted

A

Tomb of Tutankhamen
Ruled from 1347-1339 BCE
died at age 18

43
Q

What are hieroglyphics?

A

Egyptian pictographs represent ideas, phonetic sounds and never developed into an alphabet (604 symbols have been discovered)

44
Q

What is a polytheistic religion?

A

religion with more than one god

45
Q

Who is Amun?

A

the patron god of Thebes

46
Q

Who is the Eye of Ra?

A

sun god

47
Q

Who is Amun-Ra?

A

the fusion of Amun and Ra—creator and king of gods

48
Q

Who is Anuket?

A

goddess of the Nile and fertility

49
Q

Who is Osiris?

A

god of the afterlife

50
Q

Who is Horus

A

son of Osiris made visible as the pharaoh

51
Q

Who is Ptah

A

came from a primordial mound from which all living things emerged

52
Q

Who is Isis

A

goddess of the underworld

53
Q

who was the first mummy

A

Osiris

54
Q

Who is Ka

A

life-essence that could return to life even after the death of the original body

55
Q

Who is Satis

A

goddess of the flood represented by ankh

World Civilization 1 (8 decks)

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