Ch. 03: Ancient Africa and Egypt Flashcards
_______ is the symbol of eternal life this symbol gave the person the breath they needed to enter the afterlife.
Ankh
A crown was worn by Osiris. It is made up of the white crowns of upper Egypt and the red feathers are representative of Busiris, Osiris’s cult center in the Delta
Atef
Is what would presently be called someone’s personality
Ba
A symbol of royalty, majesty, and dominion
Flail and Crook
called the dung beetle in present day
Scarab
Africa has _____ climate/vegetation zones
Five (5)
temperate weather and good soils
The Mediterranean and extreme south
dry, treeless, steppes, from Atlantic to Indian Oceans, semi-arid grass covers plains between the desert and savanna
The Sahel
Sahara, Namid, Kalahari
The deserts
north and south of the equator to the west and center
the rainforest
grasslands of the interior plateaus south of the Sahara and north of the rainforest in West Africa and most of east-central and West Africa
The Savanna
What years was Africa’s Neolithic Period
11,000-3,000 BCE
What was significant about the Neolithic Period
Great rainfall
____ groups produced food in the region
Three (3)
What region were hunters and gathers across the Sahara
Nilo-Saharan speakers and Afro-Asiatic Speakers
The Nilo-Saharan spread where and became known as the Semites
Sinai Penninsula
10,000-11,000BCE
Name three accomplishments of the Semites
1-stone pottery
2-cultivated indigenous seeds
3-by 5500BCE added watermelon, guards, calabashes, and cotton
Who lived in the southern Sahara wetlands of west Africa
The Niger-Congo Speakers
5,000BCE the Niger-Congo speakers began to cultivate:
black-eyed peas, okra, groundnuts
in 5500-3500BCE _______ brought migration in two groups
climate change
describe the 2 migrated groups in 5500-3500BCE
One North: became the Berbers and others of the northern African coast
The other south became the Ethiopians and others
The Bantu expansion to subequatorial Africa by the Niger-Congoans further south. How did they acclimate to their new environment?
Used axes to clear forests
Skilled boat builders to move along the river systems
Where did the Batu speakers wander to?
From West Africa (Nigeria and Cameroon) to the Congo and by 1000BCE they were at Lake Victoria
What were the two key impacts of the Bantu Speakers?
- began to breed cattle and grow grain
- spread out in all directions to present-day south Africa by 400CE
