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Physiological Psychology > Chapt. 4 > Flashcards

Chapt. 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the Bell-Magendie Law state?

A

it states that dorsal roots bring sensory info in, while ventral roots bring motor info out

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2
Q

Afferent neurons..

A

bring info in to the spinal cord (dorsal roots)

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3
Q

Efferent neurons..

A

carry info away from the spinal cord (ventral roots)

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4
Q

Which vertebrae are associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

A

thoracic & lumbar

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5
Q

Which vertebrae are associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

cervical & sacral

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6
Q

What is evolutionally the oldest part of the brain?

A

the hindbrain

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7
Q

Which part of the brain controls muscle tone and integrates visual info?

A

the midbrain

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8
Q

What is included in the forebrain (prosencephalon) ?

A

the thalamus, diencephalon, hypthalamus and the cerebrum

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9
Q

What does the Telencephalon include?

A

the cerebrum, limbic, & basal ganglia

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10
Q

What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?

A
  • frontal - parietal - temporal - occipital
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11
Q

What is the amygdala important for?

A

emotion and fear

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12
Q

What type of memory is the Hippocampus involved with?

A

long-term

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13
Q

What is the Septum important for?

A

pleasure

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14
Q

What does the Diencephalon include?

A

the thalamus and hypothalamus

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15
Q

The thalamus…

A

relays info

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16
Q

The hypothalamus..

A

controls the pituitary gland and regulated behaviors such as eating, drinking, sleeping, temperature and emotion

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17
Q

What is the reticulur formation important for?

A

arousal (damage would result in a coma)

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18
Q

The midbrain relays info..

A

from the hindbrain to the forebrain

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19
Q

The cerebellum is involved with …

A

coordination of movement

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20
Q

The pons are..

A

bridges between cerebral cortex and cerebellum

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21
Q

What is include in the Myelencephalon?

A

the medulla which is involved with breathing, HR, coughing (life support)

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22
Q

Everything outside the spinal cord is the …

A

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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23
Q

The Metencephalon includes the ….

A

cerebellum and the pons

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24
Q

Is the autonomic or somatic nervous system involved with non-voluntary movement?

A

autonomic

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25
Q

Define Fight or Flight.

A

it is everything that one needs to be more alert and ready for action

26
Q

What is the Parasympathetic Nervous System’s job?

A

to relax the body

27
Q

What are organelles?

A

specialized structures in the cell with specific functions

28
Q

What is the membrane?

A

a phospholipid bilayer with proteins (ion channels)

29
Q

The nucleus..

A

contains DNA and transcription occurs here

30
Q

What does the Endoplasmic Reticulum do?

A

makes proteins & lipids

31
Q

A rough Endoplasmic Reticulum..

A

is where the protein traslation occurs and has ribosomes

32
Q

A smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum..

A

is the synthesis of lipids and does NOT have ribosomes

33
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

they translate mRNA into proteins and are attached to the ER or free floating

34
Q

What do mitochondria produce?

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

35
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

A

it modifies and stores proteins and lipids made in the endoplasmic reticulum

36
Q

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

A

transcription occurs in the nucleus and goes from DNA to mRNA while translation occurs in the cytoplasm and goes from mRNA to proteins

37
Q
A
38
Q

What contribution did Cajal make to psychology?

A

he was the first to demonstrate that the individual cells compromising the nervous system remained separate.

39
Q

The soma, or cell body…

A

contains the nucleus and other organelles needed for cell function

40
Q

Dendrites…

A

recieve info

41
Q

Axons..

A

send info out (action potential)

42
Q

What is a terminal button?

A

the bud at the end of the axon that sends messages/forms synapses with other neurons

43
Q

What is a synapse?

A

a junction between the terminal button of one axon and the soma or dendrite membrane of another neuron; where signal goes from one neuron to the next

44
Q

The myelin sheath includes…

A

Schwann cells that myelinate axons in the PNS and oligodendrocytes in the CNS

45
Q

What are Nodes of Ranvier?

A

spaces with no myelination on a mylinated axon between either Schwann cells or Oligodendrocyte

46
Q

A multipolar neuron…

A

a type of neuron that possess a single axon and many dendrites which allows for the integration of a great deal of info from other neurons

47
Q

A bipolar neuron…

A

has two extensions (they are specialized sensory neurons)

48
Q

What are pseudo-unipolar neurons?

A

they are unipolar neurons that begin as bipolar neurons during development

49
Q

Monopolar neurons..

A

have only one prominent neurite extending from the perikaryon which then branches into two long processes (one central and the other peripheral)

50
Q

Motor neurons are neurons that…

A

recieve excitation from other neurons and conduct impulses along its axon to a muscle

51
Q

Sensory neurons are neurons that..

A

specialize at one end to be highly sensitive to a particular type of stimulation such as touch, light, sound, etc.

52
Q

Interneurons are neurons whose…

A

dendrites and axons are completely contained within a single structure

53
Q

Name the different types of Glial cells.

A
  • astrocytes
  • microglia
  • radial glia
  • gliosis
  • schwann cells
  • oligodendrocytes
54
Q

Astrocytes are involved with….

A

nourishment, waste removal, the forming of scar tissue and are part of the blood brain barrier

55
Q

Microglia are involved with…

A

waste removal

56
Q

Radial glia are involved with…

A

development

57
Q

Gliosis is involved with..

A

the forming of scar tissue

58
Q

Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes are involved with…

A

myelination

59
Q

Define the blood-brain barrier.

A

it is where the veins in the brain are not leaky like the ones in the body. Only fat-soluble molecules can pass through freely.

60
Q
A

Physiological Psychology (6 decks)

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