Chapt. 1

Question 1

What is Biological Psychology?

Answer 1

the study of the physiological, evolutionary and developmental mechanisms of behavior and experience (strong emphasis placed on brain functioning)

Question 2

Dorsal view of the brain is…

Answer 2

view from above

Question 3

Ventral view of the brain is…

Answer 3

view from below

Question 4

Neurons do what?

Answer 4

communicate with each other

Question 5

What are the 4 Biological Explanations of Behavior?

Answer 5

Physiological
Ontogenetic
Evolutionary
Functional

Question 6

Define the Physiological explanation of behavior.

Answer 6

it relates behavior to the activity of the brain and other organs

Question 7

Define the Ontogenetic explanation of behavior.

Answer 7

it describes the development of a structure or behavior

Question 8

Define the Evolutionary explanation of behavior.

Answer 8

reconstructs evolutionary history of a behavior or structure

Question 9

Define the Functional explanation of behavior.

Answer 9

it describes why a structure or behavior evolved as it did.

Question 10

What two key issues interact to shape human behavior?

Answer 10

Genes & Behavior

Question 11

Inheritance occurs through..

Answer 11

genes

Question 12

Chromosomes are..

Answer 12

strands of genes

Question 13

Genes are..

Answer 13

a portion of a chromosome and is composed of DNA

Question 14

RNA

Answer 14

a single strand chemical that can serve as a template/model for the synthesis of proteins

Question 15

Homozygous means…

Answer 15

a person has an identical pair of genes on the 2 chromosomes

Question 16

Heterozygous means..

Answer 16

a person has an unmatched pair of genes on the 2 chromosomes

Question 17

Dominant genes…

Answer 17

show a strong effect in either the homozygous or heterozygous condition

Question 18

Recessive genes…

Answer 18

show their effects only in the homozygous condition

Question 19

Autosomal genes

Answer 19

all other genes except for sex-linked genes

Question 20

Sex-linked genes

Answer 20

genes located on the sex chromosomes (X&Y)

Question 21

What chromosomes do females have?

Answer 21

2 x chromosomes

Question 22

What chromosomes do males have?

Answer 22

an x & y chromosome

Question 23

Sex-limited genes

Answer 23

genes that are present in both sexes but mainly have an effect on one sex

Question 24

Mutation

Answer 24

a heritable change in a DNA molecule

Question 25

Epigenetics

Answer 25

a field that is concerned with changes in gene expression without the modification of the DNA sequence

Question 26

Monozygotic

Answer 26

twins from one egg

Question 27

fraternal

Answer 27

twins from two eggs

Question 28

Heritability

Answer 28

how much characteristics depend on genetic differences

Question 29

Evolution

Answer 29

a change in the frequency of various genes in a population over generations (regardless if it is helpful or harmful to species)

Question 30

What two questions does Evolution attempt to answer?

Answer 30

• How did some species evolve?

* How do species evolve?

Question 31

Lamarckian Evolution

Answer 31

the us or disuse of some structure or behavior causes an increase or decrease in that behavior

Question 32

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 32

focuses upon functional and evolutionary explanations of how behaviors evolved

Question 33

Group Selection

Answer 33

a controversial hypothesis that states that altruistic groups survive better than less cooperative ones

Question 34

Kin Selection

Answer 34

the “favored” explanation: selection for a gene that benefits the individual’s relatives

Question 35

Reciprocal Altruism

Answer 35

the idea that individuals help those that will return the favor