Chapt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Biological Psychology?

A

the study of the physiological, evolutionary and developmental mechanisms of behavior and experience (strong emphasis placed on brain functioning)

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2
Q

Dorsal view of the brain is…

A

view from above

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3
Q

Ventral view of the brain is…

A

view from below

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4
Q

Neurons do what?

A

communicate with each other

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5
Q

What are the 4 Biological Explanations of Behavior?

A

Physiological
Ontogenetic
Evolutionary
Functional

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6
Q

Define the Physiological explanation of behavior.

A

it relates behavior to the activity of the brain and other organs

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7
Q

Define the Ontogenetic explanation of behavior.

A

it describes the development of a structure or behavior

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8
Q

Define the Evolutionary explanation of behavior.

A

reconstructs evolutionary history of a behavior or structure

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9
Q

Define the Functional explanation of behavior.

A

it describes why a structure or behavior evolved as it did.

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10
Q

What two key issues interact to shape human behavior?

A

Genes & Behavior

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11
Q

Inheritance occurs through..

A

genes

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12
Q

Chromosomes are..

A

strands of genes

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13
Q

Genes are..

A

a portion of a chromosome and is composed of DNA

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14
Q

RNA

A

a single strand chemical that can serve as a template/model for the synthesis of proteins

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15
Q

Homozygous means…

A

a person has an identical pair of genes on the 2 chromosomes

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16
Q

Heterozygous means..

A

a person has an unmatched pair of genes on the 2 chromosomes

17
Q

Dominant genes…

A

show a strong effect in either the homozygous or heterozygous condition

18
Q

Recessive genes…

A

show their effects only in the homozygous condition

19
Q

Autosomal genes

A

all other genes except for sex-linked genes

20
Q

Sex-linked genes

A

genes located on the sex chromosomes (X&Y)

21
Q

What chromosomes do females have?

A

2 x chromosomes

22
Q

What chromosomes do males have?

A

an x & y chromosome

23
Q

Sex-limited genes

A

genes that are present in both sexes but mainly have an effect on one sex

24
Q

Mutation

A

a heritable change in a DNA molecule

25
Epigenetics
a field that is concerned with changes in gene expression without the modification of the DNA sequence
26
Monozygotic
twins from one egg
27
fraternal
twins from two eggs
28
Heritability
how much characteristics depend on genetic differences
29
Evolution
a change in the frequency of various genes in a population over generations (regardless if it is helpful or harmful to species)
30
What two questions does Evolution attempt to answer?
* How did some species evolve? | * How do species evolve?
31
Lamarckian Evolution
the us or disuse of some structure or behavior causes an increase or decrease in that behavior
32
Evolutionary Psychology
focuses upon functional and evolutionary explanations of how behaviors evolved
33
Group Selection
a controversial hypothesis that states that altruistic groups survive better than less cooperative ones
34
Kin Selection
the "favored" explanation: selection for a gene that benefits the individual's relatives
35
Reciprocal Altruism
the idea that individuals help those that will return the favor