chapitre 2 Flashcards
what are the three R that helped Esther get to 100 years
resolution
resourcefulness
resilience
successful aging _ something that begins in _
is not, in later life
what are the two main categories of the modern biological theory of aging
programmed theory and damaged theory
what is programmed theory
Aging follows a
biological timetable
that depends on changes in gene
expression affecting the systems
responsible for maintenance, repair and
defense response
what is damage theory
Environmental stress
to living
organisms would induce cumulative
damage at various levels as the cause of
aging
what are the 4 components of programmed theory
programmed longevity
endocrine theory
immunological theory
hay flick immunological theory
which part of programmed theory is the result of a sequential switching on and off of certain gene
programmed longevity
which theory of aging is a biological clock act through hormones to control the peace of aging
and which hormone plays a key role in the hormonal regulation
endocrine theory
insuline
explain the immunological theory
The
immune system
is programmed to decline over time,
which leads to an increased vulnerability to infectious
disease and thus aging and death
explain hay flick immunological theory
Normal human cells can only replicate and divide forty to
sixty times before they cannot divide anymore, and will
break down by programmed cell death or apoptosis
what are the 5 concepts of error theory
wear and tear
rate of living
cross-liking
free radical
somatic DNA damage
which theory: cell and tissus have vital part that wear out resulting in aging
wear and tear theory
which theory: the greater an organism rate of oxygen basal metabolism the shorter its life span
rate of living
which theory: an accumulation of cross-linked protein would damage cells and tissues, slowing down bodily processes resulting in aging
cross-link theory
which theory:Superoxide and other free radicals would cause damage to the
macromolecular components of the cell, causing cells, and
eventually organs, to stop functioning
free radical
which theory
Aging would result from damage to the genetic integrity of the
body’s cells. In particular,
genetic mutations and damage to
mitochondrial DNA
would affect body’s cells
is there a consensus on which theory of aging is better
no
what do OA like or dislike about PA program
like: moderate intensity, convenient, inexpensive, instructed/independent, home program
dislike: program to be competitive, group exercise,
2/3 prefer PA done outside of formal class or group
1/3 prefer group program
step to improve exercise program adherence
- explore expectation and exercise objective
- set goal
what are some characteristics of good goal
measurable -> can determine if the goal was met
specific-> target a specific area for improvement
realistic -> increase self-efficacy
behavioral
resistance training can increase muscle strength + fat-free mass in_ OA aged _+
frail, 78
why 1-RM measurement is repeated at monthly interval
to readjust workload intensity because 1 RM is higher
explain exercise program FITT
- 3x/week
- 1-RM during knee extension, KF, seated bench press, seated row, leg press, bicep curl
- 3 set of 8-12 reps at 85-100% finial 1-RM
- progressive resistance training
- 60-90min
what were the result of FIIT training
12 to 43% after exercise training
early study focused on the effect of PA on 2 specific conditions
depression and anxiety disorder
now the focus of research studies the effect of PA on psychological well-being:
self-esteem
self-efficacy
general well-being
exercise program_ is important
duration
duration of 10 week and + = greater on psychological well being
maintaining _ is vital to quality of life in later years
quality of life
cognitive fucntion involve a combination of skill:
memory
attention span
learning
goal setting
decision making
problem solving
Research now suggests that
_ process
cognitive
information
more
efficiently vs. less fit adults
at the same age
physically active and fit older adult
study by colcombe and Kramer looked at 4 categories in their research
speed task
visuospatial task
controlled processing task
exécutive control take
explain speed task
simple task requiring rapid responses time
explain visuospatial task
task that required rotating in real or imaginary object in 3-d space (complete a puzzle)
explain processing task
task that require effortless processing strategies, become automatic with practice
- learning how to drive a car
explain executive control task
task that require coordination, inhibition, working memory
don’t become automatic
- solving problem
colcombe and Kramer study results showed that PA had the greatest impact on
performance of executive control tasks
followed by:
controlled processing task
visuospatial task
speed task
combining _ exercise with _ training - slightly more effective than _ alone
aerobic with strength , aerobic alone
york report that centenarians are _ times as likely as the average person to have long live relative
20
mrs Tuttle has adhered to a regimen of a
careful diet, hard work, regular exercise and a overlong list of community service
mrs Tuttle is an _ who has many friend
extrovert
