chap 7 Flashcards
flexibility referes to the
amount of ROM about a joint or multiple joint at any age
objectives of flexibility training
- Describe the age-associated changes in joint and muscle flexibility
- Identify the critical ranges of joint flexibility for the performance of basic ADLs
- Describe the benefits of flexibility training for daily function
- Identify the 2 types of stretching techniques and when to use them in an exercise session
T/F Flexibility exercises will improve joint ROM at any age
T
The greatest decline in ROM with age is observed in:
spinal extension
what is ROM
Total excursion possible at a joint from the beginning of movement to the end of it
joint ROM decrease from age
20-70
T/F rate of decline is joint specific
T
spinal, hip extension and knee flexion will decline any how munch %
spinal extension 50%, hip extension 20%, knee flexion 2%
why is there only a 2% loss of knee flexion
walking
On avg, is the ↓ROM greater in lower or upper extremity?
lower
H/S flexibility decrease in both gender by +- _% per decade
14
what is the clinical definition of joint stiffness
Sensation of difficulty moving a joint or the apparent loss of ROM. It often accompanies joint pain and swelling
what is one of the most common complaints of OA
joint stiffness
what factors contribute to stiffness in OA
- with age: decrease muscle mass + increase connective tissue surrounding and within muscle
- connective tissues involved in mobility
- with age change in the chemical composition of the connective tissue matrix and collage
- breakdown of articular surfaces in the weight-bearing joint
Is pain directly coming from the breakdown of articular cartilage?
No pain receptor are located in connective tissues + bone
by the age of 75 years: _% of OA have osteoarthritic change
85
is putting on clothes a BADL or an IADL
BADL
Functional consequence of loss of flexibility can greatly affect ADL’s
- getting out of care (SUV)
- stepping off or. on a curb
- bending down to pick something up
- putting on clothes
Increase in number of functional limitations leads to
loss of independence
what are the de BADLS
consist of self-care tasks: DEATH -> dressing/bathing, eating, ambulating, toiletting, hygiene
what are the IADL
SHAFT-> shopping, housekeeping, accounting, food prep/meds, telephone transportation
IADLs are not necessary for_, but they let an individual live _ in a community:
fundamental functioning, live independently
When OA improve flexibility, they typically improve on
muscular strength
how does ganging flexibility help OA improve strength
Effort spent to gain ROM is sufficient to challenge the surrounding musculature and slightly ↑ strength
Increasing joint’s ROM may release the muscles to such an extent that they can be used more readily and more efficiently
what is a critical ROM range
Absolute minimum ROM required to perform a certain activity
after knee replacement knee rarely flex past
110º
after hip remplacement what are the limited ROM
- No hip flexion past 90
- No internal rotation of the hip
- No hip adduction past midline (no leg crossing)
putting clothes overhead involve which joint and mvt
shoulder 90o elevation (including flexion and abduction)
45o external rotation
Donning a Pullover Shirt for an OA with Shoulder Limitations
To allow OA with one-sided weakness to injury to done a shirt with ease
how munch movement of the shoulder is needed to unzip or zip a clothes in the back
45 abd, 70 IR, 10 ext
mode of exercise used to increase flexibility with ROM deficit
- traditional stretching exercise
- dance
- tai chi
- aquatic exercise
what is the most important thing to do to increase flexibility with OA with ROM deficits
Stressing the end range of joint motion
explain static stretch
Targeting one muscle group
Moving into a specific range until end range
Holding 10 – 90 sec.
Very safe type of stretching
which type of stretching is best to improve ROM
static
what is dynamic stretching
Moving through a specific ROM + holding for 2-5 sec then returning to the start position
Progressively ↑ joint ROM with each rep
More functional to ADLs:
YA respond better to _ compared to OA
PNF
dynamic stretch can be introduced when
muscle are warmer and to participant with poor body awareness
what are some standing activity for dynamic stretch
reach and curl, picking apple, climbing rope, knee up, mother brown, side lunges, walking with six to seven alternating bouts of long and short stride
what are some seated dynamic stretching
floor reach, seated trunk rotation, seated abd, alternate knee to chest
stretch to a point of _ but no _
gentle tension, no P!
Should we breath during stretching
1) Inhale before the start of the stretch
2) Exhale during the stretch
3) Breathe evenly while holding the stretch
