chap 5 Flashcards
When testing OA (vs. YA), which physical parameter (s) should we focus on and why?
Strength and mobility to prevent sarcopenia and prevent fall
-> Most important one is strength training
Performing Assessments will help you:
- Help _ if a participant is at risk for mobility problems & disability
- Determine if the _
is appropriate for the older
exercising population - _ your participants to set personal goals
- _ that meet specific needs of older participants
- provide meaningful _ to participants
- document the _ of your physical activity program
- identify and predict
- program
- motivate
- select exercise
- feedback
- benefit
what is a physical impairement
loss or abnormality at the tissue, organ or body system level
what is a functional limitation
restriction in physical behavior such as rising from a chair, lifting or climbing stairs
what is a physical disability
any restriction or lack of ability to perform a task or an activity in the Lanner considered normal
functional fitness framework objectif
-Identifies physical fitness parameters associated with functional mobility
- Relates functional mobility to ability and active daily living
role of quadricep strength in functional fitness of OA
increase strength = increase stair climbing= increase ADL
The time to peak torqued of quad show what
significant correlation with all measure of physical activity test
does isometric and isokinetic torqued had significant correlation with any of the physical activity
no
what does the study of quad strength vs function in OA show
time to peak torque was the best variable (strongest correlation with climbing stairs) so those able to contract their quad faster were the best at climbing stair -> show strong correlation with quad strength
Common Obstacles with Assessments of OA
- Lack of time ,space and budget
- Lack of trained personel
Either administering test or interpreting test - Lack of assessment tools
- Absence of a requirement by facility management
Are most PA centers for OA good at conducting field-based assessments
yes for assessment but not for follow-up
major criteria for selection & evaluation of test instruments
- praticality
- psychometric proprieties
what is practicality
usability of a test
factor that influence practicality
- Medical permission or supervision required and available (ex: Exercise Stress Test)
- Time needed to administer and score the test
- Personnel and expertise needed to administer test
- Level of fatigue to participant per test
- Is the test meaningful to your participants?
what is psychometric proprieties and what are the 4
Refers to the degree the test will meet specific and established test construction guidelines
Reliability
Validity
Discrimination Power
Performance standards
what is reliability
Refers to the degree that two test scores are similar when tested under identical conditions
Test would then be free of measurement error Referred to as “Test-Re-Test Reliability”
reliability of a test should be >_
0.80
score that are reliable must originate from where
a published protocol
what is inter-rater reliability
When scores obtained from multiple testers are very similar
High correlation
what is validity
Refers to the test having shown to measure what it’s intended to measure
what is the most important characteristic of any test
validity
what is criterion-related validity
Evaluates a test’s validity by comparing its scores with other scores already found to be valid
acceptable correlation value of criterion-related validity
> 0.70
goal of the 6-minute chair stand test and does it have a good or poor validity
To measure cardiorespiratory endurance
In reality, it measures muscular endurance more than cardio endurance
poor
what is predictive validity
Ability of a test to predict the future outcome of the test
Research data must show a strong statistical prediction to the future outcome
prédictive validity Score < or equal of 25 on the Fullerton Balance Scale =
high risk of falls
what is discrimination power
Ability of the test to detect changes in performance over time
To assess a change in performance over time or in relation to an intervention, the test should have
minimum floor or ceiling effects
what is the floor effect
test is to difficult for specific subject being test
what is the ceiling effect
too easy for specific subject
what is a norm-referenced standards
Evaluates by comparing others to the same: gender & age
what is a criterion-reference standard
Evaluates performance in relation to a particular reference point or specific goal such as:
Fitness level to climb stairs or to remain functionally independent
Minimal VO2 to remain functionally independent at age 85 is:
W: 15
M: 18
Two field-based assessment tools designed to measure physical impairments and functional limitations in OA:
- Short Physical Performance Battery Protocol Pubmed: 300 papers
2.Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) Scale
Pubmed: 163 paper
what does a score of 0-3 on the SPPB indicate
- worst physical performance
- poor probability of recovery and improvement
- high mortality
what does a score of 4-9 indicate of the SPPB scale
- reduced physical performance
- high probability of recovery
- quality of life an mortality related to physical performance improvement
what does a score of 10-12 on the SPPB scale indicate
- best physical performance
- good wquality of life
- very low mortality
what are the 3 tests done during the SPPB
balance test, gait speed test, chair stand test
avg walking speed of YA during gait speed
1.0 to 1.2 m/s
what is the average speed for OA to complete the chair stand test
2s to complete one rep
Four Good Reasons for Using the SPPB!
Meets psychometric propreties:
- Excellent interrater (0.81 to 0.91) reliability and test-retest (0.84) reliability
- Is convenient and practical in terms of equipment, space, and time requirements
- Allow OA to perform that test safely without the need for a medical release
-Evaluates physical abilities and function
what is the FAB scale
Series of 10 functional tests which assess both static & dynamic balance under varied sensory conditions
the outcome of the FAB test is measure how
4 points scale ( max of 40 points)
FAB test has high
Predictive validity
test-re-test reliability
Intra- & interrater reliablity
Content validity
during the study of FAB scale a faller was classified as an older adult with
2 or more fall in the previous 12 months
in the main outcome of FAB scale study in OA fall, the probability of falling increase by _% with what
8, with each 1-point decrease in total FAB scale
what is the conclusion of the FAB scale study
older adult who score 25 or lower on GAB scale is at high risk of fall and in need of immediate intervention
FAB is an excellent test for OA with what
no major balance issues
which test can you use for OA that have chronic disease and disabilities (stroke, parkinson, fraility)
berg balance scale
long form of FAB scale included how many item and what is the cut off score
10 items -> < or equal 25/40 = high risk
short form of FAB scale included how many item and what is the cut off score
items 4-5-6-7 -> < or equal 6/16 = high risk
Prior to the FAB test, participants must complete:
- A health & PA questionnaire
- Informed consent form
- Medical clearance, if required
before doing FAB test participant must be advised what
- To avoid heavy extertion and heavy alcool for 24 hours before testing
- To eat a light meal one hour before testing
- To wear appropriate clothing for exercise
from the functional fitness framework, what are the physical parameter
- muscle strength/endurance
- aerobic endurance
-flexibility - motor ability
