chap 6 Flashcards
name 3 synonyms of cardiorespiratory function
Aerobic fitness
Aerobic endurance
Cardiorespiratory endurance
2 goods reason to test CRF
Provides baseline values prior to commencing a fitness program
Is a key determinant of maintaining independent living (Basic ADLs and Instrumental ADLs)
what is a direct method to measure CRF
Measurements taken during maximal-intensity exercise tests
advantage of the direct method vs indirect
- more accurate (typical error =3%)
- better estimation of desired exercise intensity
disadvantage of direct method vs indirect
- Require expensive & sophisticated equipment
- Higher risk of adverse events (↑ stress on participants)
- physician supervision can be required
- more appropriate for younger, healthy people or athlete
what is an indirect method to measure CFR
Measurements taken without the use of:
Sophisticated equipment
Equations are used to estimate VO2 level
advantage of indirect methods vs direct
Easier to make measurement
- Lower risk for technical issues
- Test is shorter to perform
- Test is less expensive
disadvante of indirect methods vs direct
Less accurate: Typical error = 5 to 7% in CRF max prediction
treadmill desavatange to test submaximal CRF
- Expensive
- Not portable (field test)
- More difficult to measure BP accurately vs. leg cycle ergometer
- May not be appropriate for older adults with balance, gait or weight problems
which test is preferred between leg cycle ergometer vs treadmill
leg
advantage and disavantage of leg cycle
Easy to obtain CRF measurements – BP, HR
More portable vs. treadmill (vs. NuStep)
However:
Not necessarily functional exercise
Can develop localized muscle fatigue
For non initiated OA, the limit to the CRF test may be the
use of the equipment vs. their aerobic capacity
VO2 max is – _% lower on leg cycle vs treadmill)
10
recumbent stepper is the preferred testing for OA with
- Impaired motor coordination in upper and/or lower limbs (ex: SCI, stroke, MS, Parkinson’s etc.)
- balance, gait or weight problem
disadvantages of recumbent stepper
Not necessarily functional exercise
Expensive + not portable
Difficult to take BP during test
Quite recent = limited exercise protocols for testing
can you design your own testing protocol for OA ?
yes, especially for sub-max effort
what to use for older adult with difficulty in ambulation or is in bed restriction
arm cycle ergometer
advantage and disadvantage or arm cycle ergometer
- portable, inexpensive
désavantage - Localized muscle fatigue in smaller arm muscles
- Lack of functional specificity
- Difficult to take BP during test
how many protocol is there for recumbent stepper
1 vs other there’s several
For OA submax test are/are not recommended
are
what is a submax test and what does participants must reach
- Indirect measurement of the volume of oxygen consumed per min
- Participants must reach ± 75% of max age-predicted HR
Accuracy for predicting VO2 max
Based on assumption that HR ↑ at same rate
However, error of 5 to 7%
Better to compare workload (or VO2) achieved at a given
Given HR from test to test (vs. extrapolating to max)
modified bake-ware treadmill test is recommended for OA why and is most appropriate for OA with
Uses a slow and constant walking speed with small increases in grade every minute
good ambulation
which test to uses for OA with good ambulation
modified Bake-Ware treadmill test
modified bale-ware treadmill test has been successfully used in participant with which conditions
stroke + parkinsons
how can you modified the modified balke-ware treadmill test if it’s too long for fit OA
increase walking speed, increase grade increments
reasons for stopping submax test
- Angina-like symptoms
- Participant:
Is not sweating
Feels light-headed
Feels confused or unsteady
Looks pale
Has blue lips - BP drop below 20 mmHg from rest
- no increase in SBP with increase intensity
-excessive rise in SBP >250 bpm &/or DBP >115
-ask to stop - arrhytmia
- HR dont rise
- failure of testing equipment
need to stop submax test when Your participant shows an excessive rise in systolic BP >_______ &/or rise in diastolic BP > _______
250,115
does CRF test for OA have to be as vigorous and demanding as our testing
no
modified Balke-Ware treadmill test is recommended for and why
- Participants with cardiac problems
- Participants with chronic diseases and disbilities
- healthy and frail OA
->slow walking speed:
3.2 km/h = 0.9m/s
what to do before modified balke-walke treadmill test
- record baseline HR and BP
- calculate and record predicted HRmax
- let the client get used to walking on the treadmill -> see PW
what to do during the balke-ware treadmill test
- set the treadmill speed at 2 miles/h -> can be 2.5 or 3 miles/h
- increase grade by 1% every minute (2% for better conditionnated clients)
- record HR and RPE near the end of every minute, monitor the client physical appearance, facial expressions and symptoms
- stop the test when client reach 75% of HRmax, client request to stop, indication to stop
- record HR and RPE immedediatly upon stopping
what to do after balke-ware treadmill test
- reduce grade to 0% and have client keep walking for 4min
- record HR and RPE near the end of every minute , record BP at end of fourth minute
Specific studies have found pedestrian walking speeds ranging from _____ Km/h to _____ Km/h for OA and from _____ km/h to _____ Km/h for younger adults
4.5 to 4.8
the _ protocol is the most widely adopted protocol and has been extensively validated
bruce
how to calculate VO2
VO2=0.1 X speed +1.8 X speed X grade +3.5
How would you use your participant’s VO2 result?
- Compare result with VO2 needs (or METs) for performing ADLs
- Pretest-posttest comparison after exercise training:
what are the 2 muscular strength test
1 RM test, submax alternative to 1 RM
which muscular strength to used with healthy OA and frail OA or participant with physical impairment and disability
H: 1 RM
F: submax alternative
how many cycle of adding weight is recommended during 1 RM test
3 to 5
what is important to avoid during 1 RM testing
multiple reps
what is record as the 1 RM value
the weight lifted during the last successful attempt
what are the 3 steps of 1 RM
- instruct the client to warm up with light weight (about half the predicted maximum)
- instruct the patient to complete 3 to 5 reps with higher weight (60% to 80% of perceived max)
- small of amount of additional weight (2.5-5 pounds) is added
when to used submaximal alternative to the 1RM test
contraindication to max intensity (osteoporosis, hypertension, frail)
balance testing is defined as
The ability to control the body’s center of mass relative to the base of support (BOS), whether that base is stationary or moving
definition of limits of stability
The max distance an OA can move beyond a centered position without altering the BOS
what are the 4 measurements of balance
Static balance
Dynamic balance
Reactive balance
Sensory integration and organization
what is the static balance
The ability to maintain the COM directly over the BOS
OA = Greater _ (movement over their BOS) than younger adults
postural sway
static balance assessment
Stand still for a designated period of time (20-30 sec)
Standing position:
Eyes open-closed
Feet heel-to-toe
One-legged stance
the force plate measure what during static balance
magnitude + velocity
what is dynamic balance
The ability to control the COM while leaning through or moving beyond the LOS (limit of stability)
what is reactive postural control and perturbation is elicited where
The ability to respond automatically to a loss of balance
through a moving force plate
force plate measure what during reactive postural control
time + magnitude of reaction to the perturbation
what is sensory integration and organization
Ability to integrate and organize sensory information provided by the visual, somatosensory, and vestibular systems
the test of sensory integration and organization measure what
How well each sensory system is functioning
How well the participant maintains upright balance when the information coming from the 3 systems is not in agreement
result of sensory integration and organization
Results can indicate if an OA is at risk of falls in certain sensory conditions (e.g., low lighting, compliant surface, busy visual environments)
