Chapitre 2

Question 1

What is the positive psychology?

Answer 1

Positive psychology is the scientific study of the strenghts, relationships and contexts that enable individuals and communities to thrive.

Question 2

To Thrive?

Answer 2

S’épanouir

Question 3

Qui a inspiré la psy positive ?

Answer 3

Carl Rogers

Question 4

Quel président de APA a promu cette branche de la psychologie ?

Answer 4

Seligman

Question 5

Contrary to most studies carried out in psycho,positive psychology is more focus on…

Answer 5

Optimal functioning rather than on deficits or problematic functioning.

Question 6

Mental health is not considered as merely the absence of anxiety and dépressive symptoms but…

Answer 6

As a particulate state of well-being (of complete physical, mental and social health)

Question 7

Thereby

Answer 7

Ainsi

Question 8

What is the mean goal of positive Psy?

Answer 8

To build a science of optimal human functioning that enables a better understanding of positive outcomes.

Question 9

Flourish?

Answer 9

S’épanouir

Question 10

Which are the 3 central domains of intervention?

Answer 10

According to Seligman en 2002, positive emotions, positive individual traits, positive institutions ans relationships.

Question 11

Understanding positive individual traits consist of the study of…

Answer 11

Strenghts such as capacity for love, courage, compassion, résilience, créativity, integrity and self-control

Question 12

Understanding positive institutions entails the study of

Answer 12

The strenghts that Foster better communities,such as justice, responsability, civility, parenting, nurturing,work ethic, teamwork and tolerance

Question 13

Understanding positive émotions entails the study of

Answer 13

Contentment with the past,
Happiness in the present and hope for the future

Question 14

What makes life most worth living (traduire)

Answer 14

Qu’est ce qui fait que la vaut la peine d’être vécue.

Question 15

Merely?

Answer 15

Simplement

Question 16

Entails the study of

Answer 16

Comprend (détail) l’étude

Question 17

Is positive psychology opposed to other Fields of psychology ?

Answer 17

PP proposes to correct this imbalance by focusing on strenghts without ignoring weakness.
It should not be considered as a replacement for traditional psychology but merely as a supplement to the hard-won gains of traditional psychology.

Question 18

Assumption

Answer 18

Hypothèse

Question 19

Foster strong character

Answer 19

Favoriser une personnalité forte

Question 20

Today psychologists identify 24 psychological strenghts which are grouped into six areas:…

Answer 20

knowledge and wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance and transcen-dence. According to Seligman (2002), these personal qualities are the guarantee of authentic happiness when they help us to accomplish our goals and when they are used to benefit others.
Connaissance, sagesse, courage, humanité, transparence et transcendance.

Question 21

What is not related to happiness and well-being?

Answer 21

Positive psychology is grounded in empirical and replicable scientific studies.
Although some findings may come close to common sense, others can be coun-ter-intuitive and quite surprising. For example, it is often believed that wealth makes people happy. However, data shows that whilst economic output in the UK has nearly doubled in the last 30 years, happiness levels have remained identical.
Research studies highlight that wealth is only weakly related to happiness, both within and across nations, particularly when income is above the poverty level (Diener & Diener, 1996). Equally, being well-educated or being young is not necessarily a guarantee of happiness. In fact, contrary to popular belief, older people are more constantly satisfied with their lives than younger individuals. Furthermore, unsurprisingly, married people are generally happier than singles, but perhaps because they were happier in the first place!

Question 22

Wealth

Answer 22

Richesse

Question 23

Futhermore

Answer 23

En outre

Question 24

What kinds of life experiences contribute to well-being?

Answer 24

Pleasurable activities such as shopping, eating good food…) NO
It can make people joyful but do not lead to psychological growth or to human Fulfillment in the long term.
It is more interesting to experience situations that present challenges.

Question 25

“Flow” is a state of well-being that can be experienced through dealing successfully with small daily challenges which are freely chosen (intrinsic motivation). This term, coined by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (2006), refers to a state of absorption in one’s work that is characterized by intense concentration, loss of self-awareness, a feeling of control, and a sense that “time is flying”. It is possible to induce this state by living optimal or “peak experiences”. This kind of activity generates positive emotions that we can build upon, and which have lasting benefits for the indivi-dual, helping him/her to cope better with adversity. Other studies also suggest that traumatic experiences (e.g., serious illness) can sometimes be instructive and may later provide a sort of psychological immunity against adaptative difficulties.

Answer 25

Le “flow” est un état de bien-être que l’on peut ressentir en relevant avec succès de petits défis quotidiens librement choisis (motivation intrinsèque). Ce terme, inventé par Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (2006), fait référence à un état d’absorption dans le travail qui se caractérise par une concentration intense, une perte de conscience de soi, un sentiment de contrôle et l’impression que “le temps passe vite”. Il est possible d’induire cet état en vivant des expériences optimales ou “de pointe”. Ce type d’activité génère des émotions positives sur lesquelles on peut s’appuyer et qui ont des effets bénéfiques durables sur l’individu, en l’aidant à mieux faire face à l’adversité. D’autres études suggèrent également que les expériences traumatisantes (par exemple, une maladie grave) peuvent parfois être instructives et constituer par la suite une sorte d’immunité psychologique contre les difficultés d’adaptation.

Question 26

Quel terme est introduit par Mihaly Csikzentmihalyi en 2006?

Answer 26

Flow

Question 27

How can we become happier, build our resources and develop resiliency?

Answer 27

Seligman recommends identifyîg individual strenghts and virtues in order to find new ways to build upon them.
Sonja Lyubomirsky (2008) proposes using strategies that foster positive emotions such as practicing act of altruism, engagîg in forgiveness, developing a grateful and mindful disposition.
- Build positive social relationships

Question 28

Mindful?

Answer 28

Attentif

Question 29

Which future for the positive psychology ?

Answer 29

-Help better understand the factors that allow individuals communities and society to flourish and not only to endure stressful situations or to revolver after a trauma.
- identify human strenghts and classify them in the same way that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders DSM-5
- it is crucial to create reliable assessment tools to evaluate personal assets and to conduct appropriate longitudinal studies or experiments in order to better understand WHY and HOW the individual strengths may increase through daily actions.
- using scientific methods, PP can also investigate the résults of living a Life based on the adoption of certain human values.
- develop and test clinical interventions and structured programs to build or enhance these psychological strengths and virtues.

Question 30

Reliable assessment tools

Answer 30

Outils d’évaluation fiables

Question 31

Personal assets

Answer 31

Atouts personnels