Chapitre 2 Flashcards
What is the positive psychology?
Positive psychology is the scientific study of the strenghts, relationships and contexts that enable individuals and communities to thrive.
To Thrive?
S’épanouir
Qui a inspiré la psy positive ?
Carl Rogers
Quel président de APA a promu cette branche de la psychologie ?
Seligman
Contrary to most studies carried out in psycho,positive psychology is more focus on…
Optimal functioning rather than on deficits or problematic functioning.
Mental health is not considered as merely the absence of anxiety and dépressive symptoms but…
As a particulate state of well-being (of complete physical, mental and social health)
Thereby
Ainsi
What is the mean goal of positive Psy?
To build a science of optimal human functioning that enables a better understanding of positive outcomes.
Flourish?
S’épanouir
Which are the 3 central domains of intervention?
According to Seligman en 2002, positive emotions, positive individual traits, positive institutions ans relationships.
Understanding positive individual traits consist of the study of…
Strenghts such as capacity for love, courage, compassion, résilience, créativity, integrity and self-control
Understanding positive institutions entails the study of
The strenghts that Foster better communities,such as justice, responsability, civility, parenting, nurturing,work ethic, teamwork and tolerance
Understanding positive émotions entails the study of
Contentment with the past,
Happiness in the present and hope for the future
What makes life most worth living (traduire)
Qu’est ce qui fait que la vaut la peine d’être vécue.
Merely?
Simplement
Entails the study of
Comprend (détail) l’étude
Is positive psychology opposed to other Fields of psychology ?
PP proposes to correct this imbalance by focusing on strenghts without ignoring weakness.
It should not be considered as a replacement for traditional psychology but merely as a supplement to the hard-won gains of traditional psychology.
Assumption
Hypothèse
Foster strong character
Favoriser une personnalité forte
Today psychologists identify 24 psychological strenghts which are grouped into six areas:…
knowledge and wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance and transcen-dence. According to Seligman (2002), these personal qualities are the guarantee of authentic happiness when they help us to accomplish our goals and when they are used to benefit others.
Connaissance, sagesse, courage, humanité, transparence et transcendance.
What is not related to happiness and well-being?
Positive psychology is grounded in empirical and replicable scientific studies.
Although some findings may come close to common sense, others can be coun-ter-intuitive and quite surprising. For example, it is often believed that wealth makes people happy. However, data shows that whilst economic output in the UK has nearly doubled in the last 30 years, happiness levels have remained identical.
Research studies highlight that wealth is only weakly related to happiness, both within and across nations, particularly when income is above the poverty level (Diener & Diener, 1996). Equally, being well-educated or being young is not necessarily a guarantee of happiness. In fact, contrary to popular belief, older people are more constantly satisfied with their lives than younger individuals. Furthermore, unsurprisingly, married people are generally happier than singles, but perhaps because they were happier in the first place!
Wealth
Richesse
Futhermore
En outre
What kinds of life experiences contribute to well-being?
Pleasurable activities such as shopping, eating good food…) NO
It can make people joyful but do not lead to psychological growth or to human Fulfillment in the long term.
It is more interesting to experience situations that present challenges.
“Flow” is a state of well-being that can be experienced through dealing successfully with small daily challenges which are freely chosen (intrinsic motivation). This term, coined by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (2006), refers to a state of absorption in one’s work that is characterized by intense concentration, loss of self-awareness, a feeling of control, and a sense that “time is flying”. It is possible to induce this state by living optimal or “peak experiences”. This kind of activity generates positive emotions that we can build upon, and which have lasting benefits for the indivi-dual, helping him/her to cope better with adversity. Other studies also suggest that traumatic experiences (e.g., serious illness) can sometimes be instructive and may later provide a sort of psychological immunity against adaptative difficulties.
Le “flow” est un état de bien-être que l’on peut ressentir en relevant avec succès de petits défis quotidiens librement choisis (motivation intrinsèque). Ce terme, inventé par Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (2006), fait référence à un état d’absorption dans le travail qui se caractérise par une concentration intense, une perte de conscience de soi, un sentiment de contrôle et l’impression que “le temps passe vite”. Il est possible d’induire cet état en vivant des expériences optimales ou “de pointe”. Ce type d’activité génère des émotions positives sur lesquelles on peut s’appuyer et qui ont des effets bénéfiques durables sur l’individu, en l’aidant à mieux faire face à l’adversité. D’autres études suggèrent également que les expériences traumatisantes (par exemple, une maladie grave) peuvent parfois être instructives et constituer par la suite une sorte d’immunité psychologique contre les difficultés d’adaptation.
Quel terme est introduit par Mihaly Csikzentmihalyi en 2006?
Flow
How can we become happier, build our resources and develop resiliency?
Seligman recommends identifyîg individual strenghts and virtues in order to find new ways to build upon them.
Sonja Lyubomirsky (2008) proposes using strategies that foster positive emotions such as practicing act of altruism, engagîg in forgiveness, developing a grateful and mindful disposition.
- Build positive social relationships
Mindful?
Attentif
Which future for the positive psychology ?
-Help better understand the factors that allow individuals communities and society to flourish and not only to endure stressful situations or to revolver after a trauma.
- identify human strenghts and classify them in the same way that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders DSM-5
- it is crucial to create reliable assessment tools to evaluate personal assets and to conduct appropriate longitudinal studies or experiments in order to better understand WHY and HOW the individual strengths may increase through daily actions.
- using scientific methods, PP can also investigate the résults of living a Life based on the adoption of certain human values.
- develop and test clinical interventions and structured programs to build or enhance these psychological strengths and virtues.
Reliable assessment tools
Outils d’évaluation fiables
Personal assets
Atouts personnels
