Chap 8.5 and above

Question 1

Precipitation reactions

Answer 1

• evaporation of solvent
• addition of second solvent:
• changing temp: some dissolve at a certain temp
• precipitation reactions

Question 2

Modified Arrhenius acid and base

Answer 2

A substance that increases the amount of H+ ions when dissolved in water

increases OH- ions when dissolved in water.

Question 3

Acids: monoprotic, diprotic, triprotic

Answer 3

1 hydrogen, 2 hydrogen, and 3 hydrogen

first, eq is with a single arrow if a strong acid
next eq are with double arrows

Question 4

Bases: monoprotic, diprotic, tricrotic

Answer 4

Same as acids, but we write the equation one time.

Question 5

Gas evolution reactions

Answer 5

Rx of acids with carbonates, sulfides, sulfites, bisulfites (NaHSO3), or metals, and when a base rcts with NH4Cl

Question 6

Oxidation number

Answer 6

charge an atom in a compound could have if shared electrons are assigned to the most electronegative atom.

Question 7

Oxidation Number Rules

Answer 7

(8) halogens (-1): except in compounds with O and other halogens where they can have positive ON.
(10) Oxygen (-2): except in compounds w/ F where it has positive ON

                       - in peroxides (ON: -1)
                       - Super Oxides (ON: -0.5)

Superoxide anion (O2-), but besides superoxides, atoms in some other compounds can have fractional ON