chap 8: Solutions and aqueous reactions

Question 1

Aqueous solution and non-aqueous solution

Answer 1

Solution where water is used as solvent

- where another substance is used

Question 2

Dissolution

Answer 2

Is the process where one substance disperses into another at molecular level

The solid structure is broken and individual molecules or ions are dispersed.

Question 3

Arrhius acids

Answer 3

Dissolve to produce Hyrdrogen ions.

Question 4

Strong electrolytes
Weak electrolytes
non electrolytes

Answer 4

complete dissociation: 
  - Ionic compounds (not all: AgCl)
  - Strong acids
Note; HCl (g) is a covalent does not dissociate, but hydrochloric acid does.
non complete dissocication
no dissociation

Question 5

Strong acids

Answer 5

Strong acids completely dissociates generating H+ ions
- nitric acid
- sulfuric acid
- Hydrobromic acid
- Hydrochloric acid
- Hydroiodic acid
- Chloric acid
- Perchloric acid
Note: one H+ is generated for each molecule of strong acid

Question 6

Solubility

Answer 6

like dissolves like

• Nearly all ionic compounds dissolve in water.
• Organic acids or also organic compounds containing OH or NH2 all of low molar mass dissolve in water.

Question 7

Solubility rules

Answer 7

• Chek out the notes. (8.2)

Question 8

AutoIonization of water

Answer 8

When water partially dissociates into hydronium ions and hydroxide anion

Question 9

Diprotic and triprotic acids and bases

Answer 9

dissociate in a number of steps losing hydrogen.

if strong the first loss is a complete dissociation with no double arrows, but not the second and so forth.

• for bases, it only takes one step.

Question 10

strong bases

Answer 10

Group I bases and group II (slightly but considered fully in this course)

Question 11

Gases evolving reactions

Answer 11

acids with carbonates, bicarbonates, sulfites, bisulfites, sulfides, and metals

addition: ammonium chloride and NaOH yields ammonia, NaCl, and water