Chap. 8 Part 2 Flashcards
Energy sources for muscle contraction
ATP, creatine phosphate, cellular respiration
Peristalsis
rhythmic waves of muscular contraction in walls of certain tubular organs. SMOOTH MUSCLE
Twitch
single contraction of muscle fiber followed by relaxation.
Cramp
muscle contracted for too long, that lacks ATP
Lactic acid formation
GLYCOLOSIS organic compound from purification acid in the anaerobic pathway of cellular respiration.
Motor unit
a motor neuron and its associated fibers.
Origin
end of muscle that attaches to a relatively immovable part.
Insertion
end of muscle that attaches to a moveable part.
Fast-twitch
glycolytic, fibers produce new actin or myosin.
Slow-twitch
oxidative, fatigue-resistant, develop more mitochondria.
Agonist
prime mover
Synergist
muscle that assists primary mover
Antagonist
muscle that opposes primary mover
Unique characteristic of smooth muscle/neurotransmitters:
multiunit:
separate, found in iris of eyes and the walls of blood vessels.
Visceral
close contact, hollow organs, stomach, bladder, and uterus. Rhythmic pattern of contractions.
Unique characteristic of cardiac muscle:
self-excitatory, heart, rhythmic
Interrelated discs
allow muscle pulses to travel freely.
Muscle of: neck flexion/extension:
sternocleidomastoid, trapezius
Medial/lateral arm rotation:
suprascapularis, infraspinatus
Arm flexion/extension
coracobrachialis
Rotator cuff
suraspin, infraspin, teres minor, subscapula
Oxygen is low
pyruvic acid makes lactic acid
lactic acid
reaches liver to make oxygen debt
myogram
can tell if muscle is twitching/ reacting
latent period
brief delay in twitch lasts 2 millaseconds
tetanic contraction (tetanus)
forceful contraction that lacks relxation
Muscle Tone
when muscle is relaxed, but sustains contractions.
smooth body movements
need antagonists to relax whenever prime movers contract.
masseter + temporalis
chewing (masstication), elevates mandible
Trapezius (origin)
occipital bone and spines of cervical verterbrae
Trapezius
pulls scapula and shoulder blade downward. EXTENDS NECK + BACK
Rhomboid major
rasies and abducts scapula
levator scapula
elevates scapula
serratus anterior
pulls scapula anteriorly
pectoralis minor
coracoid process, also pulls down scapula and raises ribs, aids in breathing
Latssmus dorsi
extends and adducts arm, pulls shoulder down
Supraspinatus
abducts arm
rectus abdominis
in crest of pubis, inserted xiphoid process
Levator Ani
Pubic bone and ischial spine, insetrted in cocyx
serratus anterior
protraction of scapula
muscle function
contract,move, and force heat
myoglobin
muscle carryin O2
atrophy
lose muscle
opoicularis oculi
eye muscle
Macetor
does not move head
Deltoid suprasupraspenious
abducts arm
rectus abdominus
attaches to pubis symphasis
frontal epicranial
moves eyebrows
