Chap. 8 Flashcards
An Introductionto Metabolism
Energy
the capacity to cause a change
Kinetic energy
the energy associated with motion
Thermal energy
the kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules
Potential energy
energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure
Chemical energy
is potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction
Heat
is thermal energy in transfer between objects
states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
The First Law of Thermodynamics
states that every exchange of energy increases the entropy (randomness) of the universe
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
states that matter cannot be created or destroyed: Chemical elements are continually recycled
The Law of conservation of mass
release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds
Catabolic pathways
consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones–For example, the synthesis of protein from amino acids is an anabolic pathway
Anabolic pathways
Cells of ALL organisms use the same molecule,——–as currency for most of their energy needs: energy shuttle
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
