Chap. 1

Question 1

cell theory

Answer 1

Every cell comes from a cell

Question 2

Cell

Answer 2

basic unit of life

Question 3

law of conservation

Answer 3

matter cannot be created or destroyed (Chemical elements are continually recycled)

Question 4

Characteristics of living matter

Answer 4

cellular organization
reproduction
metabolism
homeostasis
heredity
growth and development

Question 5

Biosphere (Global ecosystem)

Answer 5

sum of all the planet’s ecosystems

Question 6

Ecosystem

Answer 6

One or more communities

Question 7

Population

Answer 7

A group of individuals of the same species (live in the same area)

Question 8

community

Answer 8

organisms that inhabit a particular area

Question 9

organism

Answer 9

individual life form

Question 10

cell

Answer 10

a fundamental unit of structure and function in every living thing

Question 11

Basic features of all cells

Answer 11

–Plasma membrane–Semifluid substance called cytosol–Chromosomes (carry genes)–Ribosomes (make proteins)

Question 12

Reductionism

Answer 12

reduction into simpler components easy to understand

Question 13

systems biology

Answer 13

studies different interactions

Question 14

simple-building blocks

Answer 14

macromolecules are composed of —–molecules strung together in long chains

Question 15

Proteins

Answer 15

long chains of amino acids (Only 20 different kinds of amino acids are found in ALL proteins)

Question 16

ALL Nucleic acids

Answer 16

are constructed of 4 different building blocks: nucleotides

Question 17

Reductionism

Answer 17

simplification of complex things to study

Question 18

emergent properties

Answer 18

interaction of parts within a system (bysicle)

Question 19

eukaryotic cell

Answer 19

has membrane-enclosed organelles, the largest of which is usually the nucleus

Question 20

prokaryotic cell

Answer 20

is simpler and usually smaller and does not contain a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles

Question 21

Gene expression

Answer 21

the process of converting information from gene to cellular product, a functional protein

Question 22

Transcription

Answer 22

the process by which DNA is transformed into RNA(mRNA) for protein production

Question 23

Genomics

Answer 23

studies of sets of genes

Question 24

genome

Answer 24

the entire collection of DNA

Question 25

proteome

Answer 25

The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, organism.

Question 26

bioinformatics

Answer 26

usage of computational tools to analyze data

Question 27

consumers

Answer 27

Organisms that feed from other organism

Question 28

Produces

Answer 28

create chemical energy for survival

Question 29

evolution

Answer 29

The concept that livng organisms are modified organism descents of common ancestors

Question 30

The three domains of life

Answer 30

Bacteria, Archea, Eurkaya

Question 31

Domain Eukarya includes

Answer 31

the protists and three kingdoms (Plants, fungi, animals)

Question 32

Protists

Answer 32

Most numerous and diverse Eukaryotic

Question 33

prokaryotic

Answer 33

Include domains Bacteria and Archaea

Question 34

Protis

Answer 34

mostly single-celled organism

Question 35

Charles Darwin

Answer 35

evolution(descents with modification)

Question 36

Charles explained three broad observations

Answer 36

• The unity of life
• The diversity of life
• The match between organisms and their environment

Question 37

Natural selection

Answer 37

Individuals with certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce

Question 38

Deductive reasoning

Answer 38

reduce the answer to a specific question

Question 39

Inductive reasoning

Answer 39

uses a series of examples to draw a conclusion