Chap. 6

Question 1

Basic features of all cells

Answer 1

• plasma membrane
• a semifluid substance called cytosol
• Chromosomes (carry genes)
• Ribosomes (make proteins)

Question 2

domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of

Answer 2

prokaryotic cells

Question 3

Protists, fungi, animals, and plants all consist of

Answer 3

eukaryotic cells

Question 4

Prokaryotic cells are characterized by having

Answer 4

• No nucleus
• DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid
• No membrane-bound organelles
• Cytoplasmbound by the plasma membrane

Question 5

Eukaryotic cells are characterized by having

Answer 5

• DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a double membrane
• Membrane-bound organelles
• Cytoplasm the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus

Question 6

A eukaryotic cell has internal membranes that divide the cell into compartments

Answer 6

the organelles

Question 7

The plasma membrane

Answer 7

a selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste to service the volume of every cell

Question 8

nuclear envelope

Answer 8

encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm

Question 9

Each chromosome contains one DNA molecule associated with proteins, called

Answer 9

chromatin

Question 10

are complexes made of ribosomal RNA and protein

Answer 10

Ribosomes

Question 11

Ribosomes use the information from the DNA to make

Answer 11

proteins

Question 12

Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis in two locations:

Answer 12

• In the cytosol (free ribosomes)

- On the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or the nuclear envelope (bound ribosomes)

Question 13

the collection of membranes inside and surrounding a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.

Answer 13

Endomembrane system

Question 14

The endomembrane system consists of

Answer 14

Nuclear envelope§Endoplasmic reticulum§Golgi apparatus§Lysosomes§Vacuoles§Plasma membrane

Question 15

accounts for more than half of the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells

Answer 15

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- The ER membrane is continuous with the nuclear envelope

Question 16

There are two distinct regions of ER:

Answer 16

Smooth ER, Rough ER

Question 17

Smooth ER, which lacks ribosomes

Answer 17

Synthesizes lipids

• Metabolizes carbohydrates
• Detoxifies drugs and poisons
• Stores calcium ions

Question 18

Rough ER, whose surface is studded with ribosomes

Answer 18

• Has bound ribosomes, which secrete glycoproteins(proteins covalently bonded to carbohydrates)
• Distributes transport vesicles, secretory proteins surrounded by membranes
• Is a membrane factory for the cell

Question 19

lysosome

Answer 19

a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules

Question 20

onsists of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae

• Modifies products of the ER
• Manufactures certain macromolecules
• Sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles

Answer 20

Golgi apparatus

Question 21

Vacuoles

Answer 21

large vesicles derived from the ER and Golgi apparatus

- Vacuoles perform a variety of functions in different kinds of cells

Question 22

Food vacuoles

Answer 22

are formed by phagocytosis

Question 23

Contractile vacuoles

Answer 23

found in many freshwater protists, pump excess water out of cells

Question 24

Central vacuoles

Answer 24

found in many mature plant cells, hold organic compounds and water

Question 25

organelles in eukaryotic cells that serve as the site of cellular respiration, a metabolic process that uses oxygen togenerate ATP (energy)

Answer 25

Mitochondria

Question 26

organelles found in plants and algae (photosynthetic protists), are the sites of photosynthesis. They absorb sunlight and use it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.

Answer 26

Chloroplasts