chap 7: comprehension-theories and strategies

Question 1

The 6 processes of comprehending

Answer 1

1. schema theory
2. situational (mental) model theory
3. role of reasoning
4. role of attention
5. role of surface features
6. developmental nature

Question 2

Situation (mental) model

Answer 2

reprensentation of the situation constructed by the reader. integration of prior schema, goal for reading, and other reader factors with text base.

Question 3

Surface code & propositional textbas

Answer 3

surface- exact words and syntax of the written piece

prop:explicit propositions/ideas conveyed by the surface feature

Question 4

4 ways to construct a textbase

Answer 4

• understand essential details at a literal level
• integrating text across sentences and paragraphs
• making low level, text-based inferences
• monitoring for meaning

Question 5

2 approaches to teaching comprehension

Answer 5

• Strategy: encourages stus to think about their mental processes and execute specific strats that interact with text
• Content analysis: engage stus in the process of attending to text ideas and building a mental rep of the ideas with no direction to consider specific mental processes

Question 6

5 comprehension strategies

Answer 6

1. preperational
2. organizational
3. eleboration
4. rehearsing
5. metacognitive

Question 7

6 steps with strategy instruction

Answer 7

1. introduce the strat
2. demonstrate and model the strat
   3 guided practice
3. independant practice and demonstration
4. assessment and reteaching
5. ongoing reinforcement and implementation

Question 8

4 steps in teaching preparation al strategies

Answer 8

1. activate prior knowledge
2. set purpose and goals
3. preview
4. predict

Question 9

5 steps in teaching organizational strategies

Answer 9

1. comprehend main idea
2. construct main idea
   3 determine relative importance of info
3. organizing details
4. summarizing

Question 10

4 steps in teaching elaboration strategies

Answer 10

making inferences (QAR), imaging (manipulative),question generation, other strats

Question 11

6 steps in teaching monitoring strats

Answer 11

1. knowing where and how to use
2. knowing oneself as a learner
3. regulating
4. checking
5. repairing
6. click and clunk

Question 12

4 ways to assess comprehension

Answer 12

use process questions
use think alouds (mystery passages)
ask process questions
use observation, work samples, etc

Question 13

Social constructivist nature of comprehension (2 components)

Answer 13

• reciprocal teaching: uses predicting, questioning, clarifying, summarizing
• questioning author:emphasizes content

Question 14

importance of affective factors

Answer 14

attentive, active, reflective

Question 15

explicit vs non explicit instruction

Answer 15

• better readers infer strategies

- struggling readers need explicit