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NURS214- medical terminology > chap 6 disease > Flashcards

chap 6 disease Flashcards

1
Q

hemorrhage

A

loss of a large amount of blood

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2
Q

pancytopenia

A

decrease the number of all types of blood cells due to failure of the red bone marrow to produce stem cells

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3
Q

septicemia

A

bacteria infection in the tissue or an organ that spreads to the blood.

sepsis is the result of this, when bacteria’s endotoxins cause severe symptoms, inflammation, and blood clots, throughout the entire body

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4
Q

anemia

A

decrease number of erythrocytes

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5
Q

aplastic anemia

A

caused by failure of red bone marrow to produce RBCs. RBC are normocytic and normochromic

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6
Q

folic acid deficiency anemia

A

each RBC is macrocytic (abnormally large)

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7
Q

iron deficiency anemia

A

low iron or increase of iron loss due to the loss of blood. RBC is microcytic (small in size) and hypochromic (pale in color)

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8
Q

pernicious anemia

A

caused by a lack of vitamin B12 or a lack of intrinsic factors. RBC is macrocyte and is immature

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9
Q

sickle cell disease

A

anemia is caused by an inherited genetic abnormality of an amino acid in hemoglobin. does not flow easily through the blood vessel so it causes pain.

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10
Q

transfusion reaction

A

the reaction that occurs when a person gets a blood transfusion with the wrong blood type

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11
Q

leukemia

A

cancer of leukocytes. excessive number of immature leukocytes crowd out the other cells in the red bone marrow

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12
Q

mononucleosis

A

caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
“kissing disease” “mono”

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13
Q

multiple myeloma

A

cancer of B cell lymphocytes that would normally become plasma cells and produce antibodies.

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14
Q

hemophilia

A

inherited genetic abnormality that causes lack or deficiency of specific clotting factor

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15
Q

petechiae

A

small, pinpoint hemorrhages

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16
Q

ecchymoses

A

larger hemorrhages

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17
Q

graft vs host disease

A

immune reaction of donor tissue or donor organ (graft) against the patient (host)

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18
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma

A

the painless, enlarged cervical lymph node in the neck
Hodgkin disease
the abnormal lymphocytes are known as redd- Sternberg cell

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19
Q

non-Hodgkins lymphoma

A

group of several different types of lymphomas, in older adults. not containing reed- sternberg cells

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20
Q

diabetes mellitus type 1

A

autoimmune disease, that affects the pancreas

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21
Q

graves disease

A

autoimmune disease, that affects the pancreas

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22
Q

hashimoto thyroiditis

A

autoimmune disease, that affects the thyroid

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23
Q

gluten sensitivity enteropathy

A

autoimmune disease, that affects the intestine

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24
Q

inflammatory bowel disease

A

autoimmune disease, that affects the intestine

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25
multiple sclerosis
autoimmune disease, that affects the nerves
26
myasthenia gravis
autoimmune disease, that affects the muscles
27
psoriasis
autoimmune disease, that affects the skin
28
vitiligo
autoimmune disease, that affects the skin
29
rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune disease, that affects the joints
30
scleroderma
autoimmune disease, that affects the skin and blood vessels
31
systemic lupus erythematosus
autoimmune disease, that affects the connective tissue, skin, kidney, and lungs
32
blood smear
blood test, a drop of blood is spread as a thin smear on a glass slide. stain blood cells with hematoxylin and eosin dye. examines under a microscope. determines WBC and RBC
33
complete blood count (CBC) with differential
group of blood tests performed by automatic machine. the test determines the number, type, and characteristics of RBC. the Hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (Hgb)
34
erythrocytes test
RBC. the number of million per milliliter (mL) of blood
35
hematocrit (HCT) test
% of RBC in blood sample
36
hemoglobin (Hgb) test
amount in grams per deciliter (g/dL) of blood
37
RBC indices test
-mean cell volume (MCV): average volume of RBC - mean cell hemoglobin (MCH): average weight of hemoglobin in 1 RBC - mean cell hemoglobin (MCHC): average concentration of hemoglobin in 1 RBC
38
leukocytes test
WBC, number in thousand per milliliter (k/mL) of blood
39
WBC differential (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte, monocyte) test
% of each type of WBC per 100 WBC
40
thrombocytes (platelets) test
number in thousand per milliliter (k/mL) of blood
41
type and cross match
blood test to determine the blood type A, B, AB, O, and Rh factors of patients and cross match the blood of the donor's blood, for when need blood tranfusion
42
coagulation time tests
measures the length of time it takes for the blood to clot - activated clotting time (ACT) - partial thromboplastin time (PTT) - prothrombin time (PT)
43
blood chemistry
blood test that determines the levels of various substance
44
ferritin
blood test that indirectly measures amount of iron stored in the body
45
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
a first screening test is done for HIV. can be done on urine, blood, or saliva. uses 2 antibodies
46
CD4 count
a blood test that measures the number of helper T cell lymphocytes
47
orasure
quick screening test is done in doctor's office to detect antibodies to HIV in the saliva
48
P24 antigen test
blood test that detects P24, an actual protein in HIV
49
viral RNA load test
a blood test measures the amount of HIV present. monitors the progressions of the disease.
50
Western blot
used to confirm positive ELISA test result
51
mono spot test
serum test for mononucleosis. heterophil antibodies if positive
52
serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP)
serum test that determines the amount of each immunoglobulin (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM) in blood
53
schilling test
urine test used to diagnosed pernicious anemia by measuring the amount of radioactive vitamin B12 excreted in urine
54
urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP)
a urine test that determines the amount of bence jones proteins in order to monitor the course of multiple myeloma
55
autologous blood transfusion
Patients can donate a unit of their own blood in advance if blood loss is anticipated during surgery
56
phlebotomy
procedure using a needle and a vacuum tube to draw a sample of blood from the vein (venipuncture)
57
plasmapheresis
procedure in which plasma is separated from the blood cells. uses centrifuge force to pull blood cells to the bottoms of the unit of the blood
58
stem cell transplantation
procedure to give stem cells from a matched donor's red bone marrow to a patient
59
anticoagulant drug
prevent blood clots from forming by inhibiting clotting factor or stopping vitamin K
60
corticosteroid drug
anti-inflammatory drug suppresses immune responses and decreases inflammation
61
erythropoietin drug
stimulate red bone marrow to make erythrocyte
62
immunosuppressant drug
suppresses immune response to prevent rejection of transplanted organ
63
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug
an antiretroviral drug that inhibits reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that HIV needs to reproduce itself
64
platelet aggregation inhibitor drug
prevents platelets from aggregating (clumping together), the first step in forming a blood clot
65
protease inhibitor drug
an antiretroviral drug that inhibits protease, the enzymes needed for HIV need to reproduce
66
thrombolytic enzyme drug
breaks fibrin strands to dissolve a blood clot
67
tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) drug
activated plasminogen to become an enzyme that breaks fibrin strands and dissolve blood clot
68
vitamin B12 drug
treats pernicious anemia

NURS214- medical terminology (8 decks)

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