chap 5 disease

Question 1

acute coronary syndrome

Answer 1

blocked flow of oxygenated blood through the coronary artery

Question 2

angina pectoris

Answer 2

chest pain, a warning sign of myocardium is not receiving enough oxygenated blood

Question 3

congestive heart failure (CHF)

Answer 3

the inability of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood

Question 4

Right side CHF

Answer 4

results in jugular venous distention (if blood backs up in the superior vena cava). Peripheral edema (if blood is backed up in the inferior vena cava).

Question 5

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

Answer 5

structure abnormality in which the leaflet of the mitral valve does not close tightly, so there’s a back flow in to the atrium

Question 6

murmur

Answer 6

abnormal heart sound created by turbulence as block leaks through a defective heart valve.

Question 7

myocardial infarction (MI)

Answer 7

death of myocardial cells due to a severe lack of oxygenated blood to the myocardium

Question 8

rheumatic heart disease

Answer 8

autoimmune response to bacterial streptococcal infection. the antibodies attacks other areas such as the heart.

Question 9

atrial septal defects

Answer 9

opening in the interatrial septum that allows abnormal circulation of blocks

Question 10

coarctation of the aorta

Answer 10

aorta is abnoramlly narrow

Question 11

tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 11

4 different heart defects

Question 12

ventricular septal defect

Answer 12

opening in the interventricular septum that allows abnormal circulation of the blood

Question 13

patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 13

ductus arteriosus fails to close

Question 14

patent foramen ovale

Answer 14

foramen ovale fails to close

Question 15

aneurysm

Answer 15

area of dilation and weakness in walls of the artery

Question 16

bruit

Answer 16

the harsh, rushing sound made by turbulent blood as it passes through an artery that’s narrowed by arteriosclerosis or atherosclerosis.

Question 17

hypertension crisis

Answer 17

BP 180/120, needs immediate attention

Question 18

coronary artery disease (CAD)

Answer 18

arteriosclerosis of coronary artery

Question 19

thrombophlebitis

Answer 19

is phlebitis (inflammation of the vein) with the formation of the thrombus (blood clot)

Question 20

Raynaud disease

Answer 20

sudden, severe vasoconstriction of the arteries in the fingers and the toes

Question 21

varicose veins

Answer 21

damage valve in a vein that allows the blood to flow backward and collect in the preceding section of the vein.

Question 22

arrhythmia

Answer 22

any type of irregular or rhythm of the heart

Question 23

bradycardia

Answer 23

arrhythmia, heart beats too slowly

Question 24

fibrillation

Answer 24

arrhythmia, very fast, uncoordinated quivering of myocardium

Question 25

flutter

Answer 25

arrhythmia, very fast but regular rhythm (250 bpm) of atria and ventricle

Question 26

heart block

Answer 26

arrhythmia, electrical impulse from SA node does not travel normally to the Purkinje fibers

Question 27

premature contraction

Answer 27

arrhythmia, theres one or more extra contractions between systole and diastole

Question 28

sick sinus syndrome

Answer 28

arrhythmia, bradycardia alternates with tachycardia

Question 29

tachycardia

Answer 29

arrhythmia, fast but regular rhythm (200 bpm)

Question 30

asystole

Answer 30

complete lack of heart beat (cardiac arrest)

Question 31

palpitation

Answer 31

the uncomfortable sensation felt in the chest during a premature contraction of the heart