Chap 5 rev.

Question 1

Alleles

Answer 1

Different forms of the same gene

Question 2

Dominant allele

☕

Answer 2

allele that expresses the trait whenever it is present

Question 3

Recessive allele

☕

Answer 3

allele that expresses the trait whenever the dominant allele is not present

Question 4

Genotype

Answer 4

genetic composition of an Organism

Question 5

Homozygous

Answer 5

both alleles form a gene, and they are the same
(both recessive or both dominant)

Question 6

Heterozygous

one al =dom

Answer 6

one allele is dominant and the other one is recessive

Question 7

Phenotype

Answer 7

physical appearance determined by genes

Question 8

Mutagen

Answer 8

agent that causes genetic mutation

Question 9

Monohybrid cross

Answer 9

male/female mate with regard to a 1 trait

Question 10

Dihybrid cross

Answer 10

When male/female mate with regard to 2 traits

Question 11

Autosome

Answer 11

chromosome that does not determine the sex of an individual

Question 12

Pedigree

Answer 12

a record of ancestors for an individual showing parent/offspring relationship
(family tree)

Question 13

Law of Independent Assortment

a🚗g

Answer 13

each allele for a trait moves into the gamete without influencing other alleles for other traits

Question 14

Sex chromosomes

Answer 14

2 chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual

Question 15

Sex-linked Disorder

Answer 15

a disorder caused by an allele found on the sex chromosome

Question 16

Law of Segregation

Answer 16

During gametogenesis, each gamete receives only one allele for every gene

Question 17

if a sex linked disorder was on the Y chromosome, could a female get it?

Answer 17

NO (theirs is XX)

Question 18

If a sex linked disorder was on the X chromosome, would male or female show it more

Answer 18

Male because they only have 1 X chromosome while females have 2

Question 19

Polygenetic inheritance

Answer 19

characteristics aren’t based on a single gene

Question 20

does Polygenetic inheritance increase diversity

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

If twins had the same exact DNA, would their traits be the same

Answer 21

No, environment has something to do with traits

Question 22

2 conditions for genes to be linked

Answer 22

1. must be close to each other
2. must be on the same gene

Question 23

What happens when nondisjunction happens in Mitosis

Answer 23

the cell will have wrong number of chromosomes= death

Question 24

What happens when nondisjunction happen in Meiosis

Answer 24

The cell’s chromosomes= misplaced= half cell OK, half abnormal

Question 25

what is it called when a certain trait is found on wrong chromosome

Answer 25

Translocation

Question 26

what is it called when an offspring has more genes for specific trait than its parents

Answer 26

duplication

Question 27

a point mutation that causes a protein to be produced shorter than it should be

Answer 27

nonsense mutation

Question 28

a point mutation that causes a gene to make the same protein it made before the mutation

Answer 28

silent mutation

Question 29

stomatic cells

Answer 29

cells used in everyday tasks

Question 30

germ cells

Answer 30

cells that are responsible for producing gametes

Question 31

what would happen if a mutation were to affect a stomatic cell

Answer 31

the mutation would only affect the individual

Question 32

what would happen if a mutation were to affect a germ cell

Answer 32

the mutation would affect generations

Question 33

what happens to the information in the genome of an animal if it were to experience a mutation

Answer 33

the information in the genome would be reduced

Question 34

could an animal profit from a mutation

Answer 34

Yes, it could enable the animal to be more fit to survive