CHAP 5: cardiovascular Flashcards
hypertension
high blood pressure
valves
tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic
fibrillation
extremely serious arrhythmia characterized by quivering of heart fibers; cardiac arrest and death can occur
bradycardia
slow rate, typically below 60 beats per minutes
murmur
Sound, in addition to normal heart sounds; may or may not indicate an abnormality
heart valve stenosis
cusps are too stiff; unable to shut tightly; allowing regurgitation
heart valve prolapse
cusps are too loose and fail to shut tightly; allowing regurgitation
infarct
.area of necrotic tissue due to loss of blood spply
epicardium
outer
forms the visceral layer of pericardial sac
fluid bt layers of pericardial sac reduces friction as heart beats
order of blood flow
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tachycardia
having a fast heart rate, typically more than 100 beats per minute
arrhythmia
irregularity in heartbeat; some are mild and others are life threatening
aneurysm
weakness and ballooning of arterial wall; commonly seen in abdominal and cerebral arteries
hypotension
low blood pressure
layers of heart
endocardium
myocardium
epicardium
cardiomyopathy
myocardial disease
may be causes by viral infection, congestive heart failure, or alcoholism
common reason for transplant
myocardium
middle
thick muscle
Contraction of this layer develops the pressure required to pump blood through blood vessels
endocardium
inner layer
lines chambers
smooth, thin layer that reduces friction as the blood passes through chambers
atherosclerosis
most common form of arteriosclerosis; lipid plaques form in arterial wall
blood pressure
120/80
systolic/diastolic
myocardial infarction
occlusion of coronary artery; results in a myocardial infarct; a heart attack
blood flow through the heart
.
Raynaud’s
periodic ischemic attacks affecting extremities; especially fingers, toes, ears, and nose; extremities become cyanotic; triggered by cold exposure
