Chap. 4: Tissue Types + Cell Cycle Flashcards
stem cells
a cell that develops into many different cells during early development
- acts as internal repair system to some tissues
What are the two types of stem cells?
embryonic and adult
embryonic stem cells (the types, and characteristics)
- pluripotent and induced pluripotent stem cells
- becomes all cell types
- are not different (they’re the same)
adult stem cells (the types, location, characteristics, what it’s used for)
non-embryonic or somatic stem cells
- found in a tissue or organ
- can be differentiated to yield the specialized cell types of that tissue or organ
- used to repair specific cells
induced pluripotent stem cells (what it’s used for)
adult stem cells that have been reprogrammed to be in an embryonic cell state
- used for drug discovery and disease modeling
- viruses are used to do the reprogramming
cell replication terminology
- chromatid
- chromosome
- gene
chromatid
half of a chromosome
chromosome
a full chromosome with two chromatids
mitosis cell cycle
- G1 - growth, preparation for DNA synthesis
- S - DNA replication
- G2 - growth, preparation for mitosis
- M - mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)
- cytokinesis
what does mitosis produce?
- two identical diploid daughter cells
- somatic cells
meiosis cell cycle
- G1 - growth, preparation for DNA synthesis
- S - DNA replication
- G2 - growth, preparation for meiosis
- M - meiosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, x2)
- cytokinesis
what does meiosis produce?
- four haploid daughter cells
- gamete cells (1 egg 3 sperm)
What type of cells in the body undergoes mitosis?
somatic cells
What occurs during the interphase?
DNA replication
compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis
cancer terminology (types of cancers) (just list them)
- benign
- malignant
- metastasis
benign cancer
a growth that is not cancer
- it does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body
malignant cancer
a growth that is cancerous
- can invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body
metastasis
the spread of cancer cells from the place where they first formed to another part of the body
tumor suppressor gene
genes that normally function to suppress cell growth and division
oncogene
genes that normally function to promote cell growth and division in a controlled manner
tumor suppressor gene vs. oncogene
TSG suppresses cell growth and division, while OG promotes cell growth and division
what are the four types of tissues?
epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
what does the epithelial tissue do?
- covers body surface
- lines cavities and ducts
- forms glands
it’s basically protection. Because your skin is made up of epithelial tissue and your skin protects your body. and also since it lines cavities and ducts, it’s protecting the cavities and ducts
classification of epithelial layers:
- simple - single layer
- stratified - stacked layer
- pseudostratified - nucleus are not alligned
classification of epithelial cell shapes:
- squamos - flat shaped
- cuboidal - cube shaped
- columnar - column shaped
glandelular epithelium
A type of tissue that lines certain internal organs and makes and releases substances in the body, such as mucous, digestive juices, and other fluids
what does the connective tissue do?
- protects and supports the body
- bind organs together
- stores energy reserves as fat
- help provide immunity
connective tissue examples (list 6 of them):
- loose connective tissue
- fibrous connective tissue
- bone
- adipose tissue
- cartilage
- blood
what does the muscular tissue do?
- makes the body move
- generates heat
muscular tissue examples (list 3 of them):
- skeletal muscle
- cardiac muscle
- smooth muscle
what does the nervous tissue do?
- detects changes of conditions inside and outside the body
- responds by generating action potentials
nervous tissue examples (2 of them)
- neurons
- neuroglia
