Chap. 1: Intro to Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
anatomy
the study of internal and external structures of the body; studying the organ itself
physiology
the study of the function and activities of life or living organisms; studying the function of the organ
cells
smallest structural and functional unit of an organism
tissue
group of cells that perform a common function
organ
group of tissues that perform a common function
organ system
group of organs that perform a common function
organism
any complete living thing
why does physiology focus on the cellular level of things?
because what our body can do depends on the operation of the cells, and what our cells can do depends on the chemical reactions within the cells
disease
is present if functions that are relevant for individual survival are impaired
when functions needed for survival are impaired
local disease
a disease that only affects a limited are of the body
systematic disease
a disease that affects the entire body or several parts
disorder
a disruption of the disease to the normal or regular functions in the body or a part of the body
signs
they are objective, and the changes can be observed or measure;
ex: fever, rash
symptoms
they are subjective, and the changes cannot be observed or measured;
ex: headache, nausea
mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell; produces energy
cytoplasm
holds the structure of the cell
nucleus
the “brain” of the cell; contains DNA
plasma membrane
the membrane of the cell that lets things in and out of the cell
ribosomes
produces proteins in a cell
what are the 5 key components of survival needs and why?
- nutrients - we need the macromolecules
- oxygen - required for making ATP
- water - provides for metabolic reactions
- stable body temperature - needed to perform reactions at stable and correct rates
- atmospheric pressure - for respiratory system functions
intracellular fluid (ICF)
fluid inside of the cell;
most of the body’s H2O
extracellular fluid (ECF)
fluid outside of the cell;
more prone to loss
interstitial ECF
fluid around/between the cells
intravascular ECF
fluid in blood vessels (plasma)
transcellular ECF
formed from transport activity of cells
