Chap. 2: Intro to the Human Body

Question 1

anatomical position
(body? feet? palms? thumbs?)

Answer 1

• body erect
• feet are slightly apart
• palms facing up
• thumbs pointing away from body

Question 2

prone anatomical position

Answer 2

lying face down

Question 3

supine anatomical position

Answer 3

lying face up

Question 4

regional names (5-list them and their functions)

Answer 4

1. head (cephalic) - skull and face
2. neck (cervical)
3. trunk - chest, abdomen, pelvis, back
4. upper limbs - shoulder, armpit, arm, forearm, wrist, hand
5. lower limbs - buttocks, thigh, leg, ankle, foot

Question 5

superior

Answer 5

above something

Question 6

inferior

Answer 6

below something

Question 7

anterior

Answer 7

aka ventral: front of something

Question 8

posterior

Answer 8

aka dorsal: behind something

Question 9

proximal

Answer 9

closer attached to the trunk

Question 10

distal

Answer 10

farther attached from the trunk

Question 11

medial

Answer 11

towards the body’s longitudinal line

Question 12

lateral

Answer 12

away from the body’s longitudinal line

Question 13

directional terms (list them):

Answer 13

superior, inferior, anterior (ventral), posterior (dorsal), proximal, distal, medial, lateral

Question 14

body planes (list them):

Answer 14

frontal (coronal), transverse, sagittal (median)

Question 15

frontal plane

Answer 15

aka coronal: divides body into anterior and posterior parts

Question 16

transverse plane

Answer 16

divides body into superior and interior

Question 17

sagittal

Answer 17

aka median: divides body into left and right

Question 18

body cavities (5-list them and their functions):

Answer 18

1. cranial cavity - brain
2. vertebral cavity - spine
3. thoracic cavity - chest (pleural cavity - lung; pericardial cavity - heart; mediastinum - traechia and bronchi)
4. adminopelvic cavity (abdominal cavity - stomach, liver, kidneys; pelvic cavity - bladder, reproductive organs)
5. diaphragm - the space that divides the superior and inferior trunks

Question 19

subdivisions for the thoracic cavity:

Answer 19

1. pleural cavity - lungs
2. pericardial cavity - heart
3. mediastinum - traechia and bronchi

Question 20

subdivisions for the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 20

1. abdominal cavity - stomach, liver, kidneys
2. pelvic cavity - bladder, reproductive organs

Question 21

abdominopelvic quadrants

Answer 21

1. right upper quadrant
2. left upper quadrant
3. right lower quadrant
4. left lower quadrant

all of these quadrants are located with how anatomical position would be and look like

Question 22

abdominopelvic regions

Answer 22

1. right hypochondriac region
2. epigastric region
3. left hypochondriac region
4. right lumbar region
5. umbilical region
6. left lumbar region
7. right illac region
8. hypogastric region
9. left illac region

Question 23

homeostasis

Answer 23

the condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body’s internal environment

Question 24

feedback systems

Answer 24

a process whereby a change to the system results in an alarm which will trigger a certain result
- its a loop; a cycle of events - recepter->control center->effector

Question 25

negative feedback systems (provide examples)

Answer 25

a feedback system that lessens/stops changes to hold a system to some equilibrium state to make it more stable
- ex: body temperature regulation, blood pressure, osmoregulation

Question 26

positive feedback systems (provide examples)

Answer 26

a feedback system that enhances/amplifies changes to move a system away from its equilibrium state and make it more unstable
- ex: child birth, blood clotting, fruit ripening