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NUTR 120 > chap 4 - carbs > Flashcards

chap 4 - carbs Flashcards

1
Q

3 simple monosacharides

A

glucose, galactose, fructose

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2
Q

3 disacharrides

A

Maltose = glu+ glu

Lactose = glu+ gal

Sucrose = glu+ fru

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3
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

break down of disacharride

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4
Q

Condensation reaction

A

synthesis of disacharride

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5
Q

Oligosacharride

A

3-10 sugar units “Prebiotics”

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6
Q

Prebiotics

A

Prebiotics are foods (typically high-fiber foods) that act as food for human microflora. “Oligosacharride”

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7
Q

Probiotics

A

Probiotics are foods or supplements that contain live microorganisms intended to maintain or improve the “good” bacteria (normal microflora) in the body.

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8
Q

Complex CHO

A

starch

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9
Q

starch

A

complex CHO from plant

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10
Q

glycogen

A

complex CHO from animals

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11
Q

DRI value of CHO in diet

A

14g/1000kcal

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12
Q

what happens to glucose during its metabolism

A

its stored as glycogen or fat/LDL

used as energy (*brain *RBC)

makes non-essential amino acids

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13
Q

what happens when blood glucose decreases?

A
  1. glucagon is released by pancreas to liver where gycogen is broken down to restore blood glucose levels
  2. you will also feel hungry when blood glucose is low
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14
Q

what happens when blood glucose increases?

A

insulin comes from pacreas to tell liver, muscles and fat cells to uptake glucose from the blood

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15
Q

top 3 highest rates for diabetes

A
  1. china
  2. India
  3. USA
  4. Canada + most of the world
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16
Q

number of people with diabetes from 1958-2015?

A

1.6mill ——-> 23 mil

17
Q

percent of people with diabetes from 1958-2015?

A

<1% ——–> 7.4% ——–> 19% (2030)

18
Q

Whos at risk for T2D

A

45yrs +

> activity

genes

increased BP

gestational diabetes past

overweight

19
Q

Difference T1D vs. T2D

A

T1D: (5%)
- B-islet can’t make insulin
- genetic
- young

T2D: (95%)
- obesity & inactivity
- cells ingore insulin (resist)

Treatment: excersize, metaformin, sometimes insulin injections

20
Q

Glucose tolerace

A

how well you can remove excess glu from the blood after a meal

21
Q

Glucose Tolerace Test Steps

A
  1. Drink glu
  2. Blood smaples every 30mins for 2-3hrs
  3. see how well pacrease responds with insulin
22
Q

Difference in Glucose tolerance with Normal vs. Diabetes

A

Normal:
-start at 5 and goes up
-down past equ. and back to 5

Diabetes:
- starts at 7.5
- (takes longer to reachpeak) higher peak (stays at peak longer)

23
Q

Glycemic Response

A

Whole grain and Legumes give more stable BL GLU vs. TIME graph

24
Q

Foods with Frutctose

A

Honey, Pop, HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP

25
Q

HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP facts

A

Average american

62lbs of HFCS per year
130 kcal per day
from 0% of our diet to 33% of our diet

26
Q

how is fructose different from other sugars

A

is doesnt stimulate insulin secretion

it doesnt stimulate leptin producation

boosts LDL levels

27
Q

is fructose contributing to the obesity epidemic?

A

YES

simply 1 soda each day for a year means weight gain

28
Q

Do sugars in general lead to obesity?

A

depends how we eat them

liquid kcal vs. solid kcal
white flour vs. whole grain
kcal dense vs. nutrient dense

29
Q

Metabolic Syndrom key features

A
  1. abdominal obesity
  2. increase insulin resistance
  3. increase triglyceride (VLDL or chylomicrons)
  4. deceased HDL
  5. increase blood pressure

ALL LEADS TO CORONARY HEART DISEASE (CHD)

30
Q

Sugar recomendations (DRI, WHO, EWCFG, AHA)

A

(DRI) 25% / 31 teaspoons
(WHO) 10% / 12 teaspoons
(EWCFG) just lower sugar lol
(AHA) women 6 teaspoons & men 9 teaspoons/day

31
Q

Lactose intolerance

A

deficiency in LACTASE enzyme

common over teenage years

32
Q

Milk allergy

A

immune response to milk/dairy

33
Q

Soluble Fibre food sources

A

-fruit pulp
-inside of legumes and fruits
- whole grains/oats
-citrus fruits
- pectin/dextrin/gum

34
Q

InSoluble Fibre food sources

A

-wheat bran
-fruit and Veg Skin
- Legume Skin

35
Q

Solube fibre VS. Insoluble fibre

A

Soluble fibre:
- breaks down into 2:0 acet, 3:0 pro, 4:0 but
- 3:0 pro decreases Cholesterol Synthesis thereby decreasing CHD
- lowers pH / increases acidity / lowers ammonia
- SLOWS bowels

Insoluble fibre:
- doesnt break down
- cleans everything out
- makes poo bigger
- FASTER bowels

36
Q

Current recommended Dietary fibre intake

A

12-15g per day or 14g/1000kcal

37
Q

how can fibre help with weight loss?

A

increased feeling of satiety

SLOWER bowels (souluble fibre)

makes you eat slower

NUTR 120 (7 decks)

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