Chap 4 Flashcards
The OS performs a protection function to prevent unwanted interference between processes with respect to resources.
TRUE
Windows process design is driven by the need to provide support for a variety of OS environments.
TRUE
The unit of dispatching is usually referred to as a process or task.
FALSE
In a multithreaded environment there are separate stacks for each thread, as well as a separate control block for each thread.
TRUE
It takes less time to terminate a process than a thread.
FALSE
If there is an application or function that should be implemented as a set of related units of execution, it is far more efficient to do so as a collection of separate processes rather than a collection of threads.
FALSE
An example of an application that could make use of threads is a file server.
TRUE
Termination of a process does not terminate all threads within that process.
FALSE
If a process is swapped out, all of its threads are necessarily swapped out because they all share the address space of the process.
TRUE
On a uniprocessor, multiprogramming does not enable the interleaving of multiple threads within multiple processes.
FALSE
Any alteration of a resource by one thread affects the environment of the other threads in the same process.
TRUE
In a pure ULT facility, all of the work of thread management is done by the application, and the kernel is not aware of the existence of threads.
TRUE
As a default, the kernel dispatcher uses the policy of hard affinity in assigning threads to processors.
FALSE
Windows is an example of a kernel-level thread approach.
TRUE
The potential performance benefits of a multicore organization depend on the ability to effectively exploit the parallel resources available to the application.
TRUE
The traditional approach of a single thread of execution per process, in which the concept of a thread is not recognized, is referred to as a ______________.
single-threaded approach
The idea of having a many-to-many relationship between threads and processes has been explored in the experimental operating system ___________.
TRIX
In a multithreaded environment, a _________ is defined as the unit of resource allocation and a unit of protection.
process
The principal disadvantage of the _______ approach is that the transfer of control from one thread to another within the same process requires a mode switch to the kernel.
kernel-level thread
_________ is a good example of an OS using a combined user-level and kernel-level thread approach.
Solaris
A _______ is a single execution path with an execution stack, processor state, and scheduling information.
thread
_________ are characterized by the presence of many single-threaded processes.
multiprocess applications
A _______ is a dispatchable unit of work that executes sequentially and is interruptible so that the processor can turn to another thread.
thread
A _________ is an entity corresponding to a user job or application that owns resources such as memory and open files.
process
A ________ is a user-created unit of execution within a process.
user-level thread
A windows process must contain at least ________ thread(s) to execute.
1
A thread enters the ________ state, after waiting, if it is ready to run but the resources are not available.
transition
The _________ are the fundamental entities that can be scheduled and dispatched to run on one of the system processors.
Kernel threads
The _______ state is when the thread has terminated.
ZOMBIE
The blocked state in which the process is waiting for an event, such as the end of an I/O operation, the availability of a resource, or a signal from another process is the __________ state.
interruptible
The _______ is the collection of program, data, stack, and attributes defined in the process control block.
process image
________ refers to the ability of an OS to support multiple, concurrent paths of execution within a single process.
Multithreading
The key states for a thread are: Running, ________, and Blocked.
Ready
There are four basic thread operations associated with a change in thread state: Block, Unblock, Finish, and ________.
Spawn
There are two broad categories of thread implementation: user-level threads and ____________.
kernel-level threads
A way to overcome the problem of blocking threads is to use a technology referred to as __________, which converts a blocking system call into a nonblocking system call.
jacketing
A __________ is a static entity, consisting of an address space and ports through which messages may be sent and received.
domain
Windows makes use of two types of process-related objects: processes and __________.
threads
The _________ Windows Process Object Attribute describes who created an object, who can gain access to or use the object, and who is denied access to the object.
security descriptor
The six states of a Windows thread are: Ready, Standby, Running, Waiting, Transition, and ___________.
Terminated
Most operating systems contain two fundamental forms of concurrent activity: processes and ____________.
interrupts
A process or task in Linux is represented by a ___________ data structure.
task_struct
The Clouds operating system implements the concept of a thread as primarily an entity that can move among address spaces which represents the ___________ Thread-to-Process relationship.
One-to-Many
It is necessary to ___________ the activities of various threads so they do not interfere with each other or corrupt data structures.
synchronize
The basic form of communication between processes or threads in a micro kernel operating system is ___________.
messages
