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POP > Chap 3 > Flashcards

Chap 3 Flashcards

1
Q

A computer platform consists of a collection of hardware resources, such as the processor, main memory, I/O modules, timers, and disk drives.

A

TRUE

✅ Một nền tảng máy tính bao gồm tập hợp các tài nguyên phần cứng, như bộ xử lý, bộ nhớ chính, các module I/O, bộ đếm thời gian, và ổ đĩa.

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2
Q

For efficiency, applications should be written directly for a given hardware platform.

A

FALSE

Sửa: written thành not written

Dịch: Để đạt hiệu quả, các ứng dụng không nên được viết trực tiếp cho một nền tảng phần cứng cụ thể.

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3
Q

A design change in the structure or semantics of the process control block could affect a number of modules in the OS.

A

TRUE

Dịch: Một thay đổi thiết kế trong cấu trúc hoặc ngữ nghĩa của khối điều khiển tiến trình có thể ảnh hưởng đến một số mô-đun trong hệ điều hành.

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4
Q

The process control block is the key tool that enables the OS to support multiple processes and to provide for multiprocessing.

A

TRUE

Dịch: Khối điều khiển tiến trình là công cụ chính cho phép hệ điều hành hỗ trợ nhiều tiến trình và cung cấp khả năng xử lý đa tiến trình.

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5
Q

It is not the responsibility of the operating system to control the execution of processes.

A

FALSE

Sửa: not thành the

Dịch: Việc kiểm soát thực thi tiến trình là trách nhiệm của hệ điều hành.

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6
Q

The first step in designing an OS to control processes is to describe the behavior that we would like the processes to exhibit.

A

TRUE

Dịch: Bước đầu tiên trong việc thiết kế một hệ điều hành để kiểm soát các tiến trình là mô tả hành vi mà chúng ta mong muốn các tiến trình thể hiện.

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7
Q

The OS may create a process on behalf of an application.

A

TRUE

Dịch: Hệ điều hành có thể tạo một tiến trình thay mặt cho một ứng dụng.

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8
Q

Swapping is not an I/O operation so it will not enhance performance.

A

FALSE

Sửa: not thành an

Dịch: Hoán đổi là một thao tác I/O, do đó nó có thể cải thiện hiệu suất.

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9
Q

If a system does not employ virtual memory each process to be executed must be fully loaded into main memory.

A

TRUE

Dịch: Nếu một hệ thống không sử dụng bộ nhớ ảo, mỗi tiến trình được thực thi phải được tải hoàn toàn vào bộ nhớ chính.

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10
Q

A process that is not in main memory is immediately available for execution, regardless of whether or not it is awaiting an event.

A

FALSE

Sửa: immediately thành not immediately

Dịch: Một tiến trình không nằm trong bộ nhớ chính sẽ không sẵn sàng để thực thi ngay lập tức, bất kể nó có đang chờ một sự kiện hay không.

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11
Q

The OS may suspend a process if it detects or suspects a problem.

A

TRUE

Dịch: Hệ điều hành có thể tạm dừng một tiến trình nếu phát hiện hoặc nghi ngờ có vấn đề.

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12
Q

All processor designs include a register or set of registers, often known as the program status word, which contains status information.

A

TRUE

Dịch: Tất cả các thiết kế bộ xử lý đều bao gồm một thanh ghi hoặc tập hợp các thanh ghi, thường được gọi là từ trạng thái chương trình, chứa thông tin trạng thái.

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13
Q

The process control block is the least important data structure in an OS.

A

FALSE

Sửa: least thành most

Dịch: Khối điều khiển tiến trình là cấu trúc dữ liệu quan trọng nhất trong một hệ điều hành.

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14
Q

A process switch may occur any time that the OS has gained control from the currently running process.

A

TRUE

Dịch: Việc chuyển đổi tiến trình có thể xảy ra bất kỳ lúc nào khi hệ điều hành giành được quyền kiểm soát từ tiến trình hiện đang chạy.

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15
Q

The principal function of the OS is to create, manage, and terminate processes.

A

TRUE

Dịch: Chức năng chính của hệ điều hành là tạo, quản lý và kết thúc các tiến trình.

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16
Q

The processor itself provides only limited support for multiprogramming, and _______ is needed to manage the sharing of the processor and other resources by multiple applications at the same time.

A

software

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17
Q

“The process was placed in a suspended state by an agent; either itself, a parent process, or the OS, for the purpose of preventing its execution,” is a characteristic of a ______ process.

A

suspended

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18
Q

A _______ is a unit of activity characterized by the execution of a sequence of instructions, a current state, and an associated set of system resources.

A

process

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19
Q

We can characterize the behavior of an individual process by listing the sequence of instructions, referred to as a _______, that executes for that process.

A

trace

20
Q

It is the principal responsibility of the _________ to control the execution of processes.

A

OS

21
Q

When one process spawns another, the spawned process is referred to as the ______________.

A

child process

22
Q

_________ involves moving part or all of a process from main memory to disk.

A

Swapping

23
Q

When a process is in the ________ state it is in secondary memory but is available for execution as soon as it is loaded into main memory.

A

Ready/Suspended

24
Q

A process is in the ______ state when it is in main memory and awaiting an event.

A

Blocked

25
Q

The OS must maintain _________ tables to manage processes.

A

process

26
Q

The collection of program, data, stack, and attributes is referred to as the _________.

A

process image

27
Q

The _________ is the less-privileged mode.

A

user mode

28
Q

A ________ is an individual who seizes supervisory control of the system and uses this control to evade auditing and access controls or to suppress audit collection.

A

clandestine user

29
Q

A total of _________ process states are recognized by the UNIX SVR4 operating system.

A

9

30
Q

The portion of the OS that selects the next process to run is called the ___________,

A

dispatcher

31
Q

The ________ is a layer of software between the applications and the computer hardware that supports applications and utilities.

A

OS

32
Q

A process is in the ________ state when it is in secondary memory and awaiting an event.

A

Blocked/Suspended

33
Q

Two essential elements of a process are ________ and a set of data associated with that code.

A

program code

34
Q

The _________ tables provide information about the existence of files, their location on secondary memory, their current status, and other attributes.

A

file

35
Q

A significant point about the ________ is that it contains sufficient information so that it is possible to interrupt a running process and later resume execution as if the interruption had not occurred.

A

process control block

36
Q

A _________ is a legitimate user who accesses data, programs, or resources for which such access is not authorized, or who is authorized for such access but misuses their privileges.

A

misfeasor

37
Q

When the OS creates a process at the explicit request of another process, the action is referred to as _________.

A

process spawning

38
Q

The process is said to be operating in a _________ fashion if each process in the queue is given a certain amount of time, in turn, to execute and then returned to the queue, unless blocked.

A

round robin

39
Q

A process in the _______ state is in main memory and available for execution.

A

Ready

40
Q

________ tables are used to keep track of both main (real) and secondary (virtual) memory.

A

Memory

41
Q

The process control block information can be grouped into three general categories: Process identification, ________, and process control information.

A

processor state information

42
Q

A ________ is the maximum amount of time that a process can execute before being interrupted.

A

Time slice

43
Q

System access threats fall into two general categories: _________ and malicious software.

A

intruders

44
Q

a _______ is an individual who is not authorized to use the computer and who penetrates a system’s access controls to exploit a legitimate user’s account.

A

masquerader

45
Q

An IDS comprises three logical components: sensors, ________, and user interface.

A

analyzers

POP (11 decks)

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