CHAP 4

Question 1

the plan for testing the hypothesis. Affected by the question addressed, by the hypothesis, and by the practical considerations

Answer 1

RESEARCH DESIGN

Question 1

an educated guess or statement to be supported by data

Answer 1

HYPOTHESIS

Question 2

some of the phenomenon that is measured and is expected to be changed or influenced by the independent variable

Answer 2

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Question 3

the aspect manipulated or thought to influence the change in the dependent variable

Answer 3

INDIPENDENT VARIABLE

Question 4

the extent to which the results of the study can be attributed to the independent variable

Answer 4

INTERNAL VALIDITY

Question 5

the extent in which the results of the study can be generalized or applied outside the immediate study

Answer 5

EXTERNAL VALIDITY

Question 6

any factor occurring in a study that makes the results uninterpretable because a variable other than the IV affects the DV

Answer 6

CONFOUNDING VARIABLE

Question 7

a mathematical calculation about the difference between groups

Answer 7

STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Question 8

whether or not the difference was meaningful for those affected

Answer 8

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Question 9

involves obtaining input from the person being treated, as well as from significant others, about the importance of the changes that has occured

Answer 9

SOCIAL VALIDITY

Question 10

study of incidence, distribution, and consequence of a particular problem or set of problems in one or more population

Answer 10

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Question 11

investigating intensively one or more individuals who display the behavioral and physical patterns

Answer 11

CASE STUDY METHOD

Question 12

a statistical relationship between 2 variables; not causation

Answer 12

CORRELATION

Question 13

the number of people with the disorder at any one time

Answer 13

PREVALENCE

Question 14

the estimated number of new cases during a specific period

Answer 14

INCIDENCE

Question 15

involves the manipulation of an independent variable and the observation of its effects to answer the question of causality

Answer 15

EXPERIMENT

Question 16

not exposed to the IV or treatment

Answer 16

control groups

Question 17

behavior changes as a result of a person’s expectation of change rather than as a result of any manipulation

Answer 17

PLACEBO EFFECT

Question 18

people in the control group may be disappointed that they are not receiving treatment

Answer 18

FRUSTO EFFECT

Question 19

results are contaminated by the preference of the therapist

Answer 19

ALLEGIANCE EFFECT

Question 20

an alternative to using no-treatment control groups to help evaluate results

Answer 20

COMPARATIVE TREATMENT RESEARCH

Question 21

focuses on the mechanisms rresponsible for behavior change or “why does it work”

Answer 21

PROCESS RESEARCH

Question 22

focuses on the positive, negative, or both results of the treatment

Answer 22

OUTCOME RESEARCH