CHAP 4 Flashcards
the plan for testing the hypothesis. Affected by the question addressed, by the hypothesis, and by the practical considerations
RESEARCH DESIGN
an educated guess or statement to be supported by data
HYPOTHESIS
some of the phenomenon that is measured and is expected to be changed or influenced by the independent variable
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
the aspect manipulated or thought to influence the change in the dependent variable
INDIPENDENT VARIABLE
the extent to which the results of the study can be attributed to the independent variable
INTERNAL VALIDITY
the extent in which the results of the study can be generalized or applied outside the immediate study
EXTERNAL VALIDITY
any factor occurring in a study that makes the results uninterpretable because a variable other than the IV affects the DV
CONFOUNDING VARIABLE
a mathematical calculation about the difference between groups
STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE
whether or not the difference was meaningful for those affected
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
involves obtaining input from the person being treated, as well as from significant others, about the importance of the changes that has occured
SOCIAL VALIDITY
study of incidence, distribution, and consequence of a particular problem or set of problems in one or more population
EPIDEMIOLOGY
investigating intensively one or more individuals who display the behavioral and physical patterns
CASE STUDY METHOD
a statistical relationship between 2 variables; not causation
CORRELATION
the number of people with the disorder at any one time
PREVALENCE
the estimated number of new cases during a specific period
INCIDENCE
involves the manipulation of an independent variable and the observation of its effects to answer the question of causality
EXPERIMENT
not exposed to the IV or treatment
control groups
behavior changes as a result of a person’s expectation of change rather than as a result of any manipulation
PLACEBO EFFECT
people in the control group may be disappointed that they are not receiving treatment
FRUSTO EFFECT
results are contaminated by the preference of the therapist
ALLEGIANCE EFFECT
an alternative to using no-treatment control groups to help evaluate results
COMPARATIVE TREATMENT RESEARCH
focuses on the mechanisms rresponsible for behavior change or “why does it work”
PROCESS RESEARCH
focuses on the positive, negative, or both results of the treatment
OUTCOME RESEARCH
