CHAP 1 Flashcards
a psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER
refers to a breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioural functioning
PSYCHOLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION
this criterion is satisfied if the individual is extremely upset
DISTRESS
one’s functioning is considered as impaired if it hindres and obstructs one’s life extremely
IMPAIRMENT
used the shorthand definition of HARMFUL DYSFUNCTION — a concept that is also useful to determine whether the behaviour is out of the individual’s control
JEROME WAKEFIELD
meaning of DSM
DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS
scientific study of psychological disorder
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
refers to the unique combination of behaviours, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder
CLINICAL DESCRIPTION
set of problems a patient has and the reason why they went to the clinic
PRESENTING PROBLEM
how many people in the population as a whole have the disorder
PREVALENCE
how many new cases occur during a given period
INCIDENCE
means that a disorder follows an individual pattern
COURSE
tend to last a long time, sometimes a lifetime
CHRONIC COURSE
likely to recover but there is a recurrence at a later time
EPISODIC COURSE
the disorder will improve without treatment in a relatively short period with little or no risk of recurrence
TIME-LIMITED COURSE
they begin suddenly
ACUTE ONSET
develop gradually over an extended period of time
INSIDIOUS ONSET
the anticipated course of a disorder
PROGNOSIS
the individual will recover
prognosis is good
probable outcome doesn’t look good
prognosis is guarded
the study of origins; has to do with why a disorder begins
ETIOLOGY
is important to the study of psychological disorders
TREATMENT
suggested that the disease of melancholy was the source of some bizarre behavior
NICHOLAS ORESME
suggested that movements of stars and moon had profound effects on peopel’s psychological functioning
PARACELSUS
father of modern western medicine
HIPPOCRATES
believed that psychological disorders might also be caused by brain pathology or head trauma and could be influenced by heredity
HIPPOCRATES
normal brain functioning was related to four bodily fluids or humors
HUMORAL THEORY
BLOOD =
BLACK BILE =
YELLOW BILE =
PHLEGM =
HEART
SPLEEN
LIVER
BRAIN
blood, red, hot and wet
ruddy in complexion, cheerful and optimistic
excessive blood: insomnia and delirium
SANGUINE
black bile; cold and dry
depressive
depression was thought to be caused by black bile flooding the brain
MELANCHOLIC
yellow bile; hot and dry
hot tempered
CHOLERIC
phlegm; cold and wet, white
apathy and sluggishness, calm under stress
PHLEGMATIC
a somatic symptom disorder, in which the physical symptoms appear to be a result of a medical problem for which no physical cause can be found
HYSTERIA
an STD caused by a bacterial microorganisms entering the brain and includes delusion of persecution and delusions of grandeur, and other bizarre behavior
SYPHILIS
a condition in which psychotic patients deteriorated stardily, becoming paralyzed and dying within 5 years of onset
GENERAL PARESIS
he facilitated the identification of the specific bacterial microorganisms that caused SYPHILIS
LOUIS PASTEUR
mentally ill patients should be treated as physically ill
JOHN P GREY
used higher dosages of insulin until patients convulsed and became temporary comatose
MANFRED SAKEL (INSULIN SHOCK THERAPY)
was abondened because it was too dangerous, often resulting to prolonged coma or even death
INSULIN SHOCK THERAPY
another method of producing convulsions discovered by Benjamin Franklin
ELECTRIC SHOCK
onlbserved that schizophrenia was rarely found in individuals with epilepsy (disproved though)
Josepf Von Meduna
for hallucinations and delusions, as well as agitation amd aggressiveness
RESERPINE (RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINE) & NEUROLEPTICS
to reduce anxiety
BENZODIAZEPINES
precursor of psychosocial treatment
PLATO
treating institutionalized patients as normally as possible in a setting that encouraged and reinforced normal social interaction, thus providing them with many opportunities for appropriate social and interpersonal contact
MORAL THERAPY
campaigned endlessly for reform in the treatment of insanity and to improve the standards of care
DOROTHEA DIX
MENTAL HYGIENE MOVEMENT
DOROTHEA DIX
suggested that the problems of his patients were caused by undetectable fluid found in all living organisms called ANIMAL MAGNETISM which could become blocked
FRANZ ANTON MESMER
Father of hypnosis
ANTON FRANZ MESMER
demonstrated that some techniques of mesmerism were effective with a number of psychological disorders, and he diduch to legitimise the fledgling practice of hypnosis
JEAN-MARTIN CHARCOT
first proponent of ego psychology
ANNA FREUD
focused on a theory of the formations of self-concept and the crucial attributes of the self that allow an individual to progress toward health or to develop neurons
HEINZ KOHUT
the study of how children incorporate the images, the memories, and the values of a person who was important to them and to whom they were emotionally attached with
OBJECT RELATIONS
collective unconscious
CARL JUNG
feelings if inferiority and striving for superiority/ success
ALFRED ADLER
Person-Centered Therapy
CARL ROGERS
a student of Watson’s that thought if fear can be learned then it could also be unlearned or extinguished
MARY COVER JONES
individuals were gradually introduced to the feared objects or situations so that their fear could extinguished
SYSTEMATIC DESENTIZATION
4 D’S OF ABNORMALITIES
DEVIANCE, DISTRESS, DYSFUNCTION, DANGER
