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AB PSYCH SINAG'S > CHAP 2 > Flashcards

CHAP 2 Flashcards

1
Q

include causal factors from the fields of genetics and neuroscience

A

BIOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS

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2
Q

causal factors from behavioral and cognitive process, including learned helplessness, social learning, prepared learning, and even unconscious processes

A

PSYCHOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS

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3
Q

a degenerative brain disease that appears in a specific area of the brain — the basal ganglia

A

HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE

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4
Q

one of a pair of genes that strongly influences a particular trait; we need only one of them to determine a trait

A

DOMINANT GENE

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4
Q

present at birth; it is caused by the ability of the body to metabolize phenylalanine.

A

PHENYLKETONORIA (PKU)

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5
Q

must be paired with another R gene to determine a trait

A

RECESSIVE TRAIT

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6
Q

behavior and personality and even intelligence are probably _____

A

POLYGENIC

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7
Q

influenced by many genes and contributing only a tiny effect

A

POLYGENIC

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8
Q

suggested that the very genetic structure of cells may change as a result of learning if genes were inactive with the environment in such a way that it becomes active

A

ERIC KANDEL

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9
Q

individuals inherit tendencies to express certain traits or behaviors, which may then be activated under conditions of stress

A

DIATHESIS-STRESS MODEL

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10
Q

a condition that makes someone susceptible to developing a disorder

A

DIATHESIS

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11
Q

individuals that genetic endowment may increase the probability that an individual will experience stressful life events

A

GENE-ENVIRONMENT MODEL

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12
Q

also known as the gene-environment correlation model

A

Reciprocal - gene environment model

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13
Q

processes all info received from our sense organs and reacts as necessary

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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14
Q

electrical impulses that are transmitted and contains the information

A

ACTION POTENTIAL

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15
Q

space between the terminal button of an axon and the dendrite of another

A

SYNAPTIC CLEFT

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16
Q

biochemicals that are released from the axon of one neuron and transmit the impulse to another

A

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

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17
Q

do not merely insulate neurons, they play an active role in neural activity

A

GLIAL/GLIAL CELLS

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18
Q

neurotransmitters that increase the likelihood that the connecting neuron will fire

A

EXCITATORY

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19
Q

decrease the likelihood that the connecting neuron will fire

A

INHIBITORY

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20
Q

decrease in GABA

A

ANXIETY

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21
Q

increase in dopamine

A

SCHIZOPRENIA

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22
Q

increase in norepinephrine

A

DEPRESSION

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23
Q

decrease in serotonin

A

DEPRESSION

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24
Q

the lower and more ancient part of the brain; controls automatic functions such as breathing, sleeping, moving

A

BRAIN STEM

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25
Q

lowest part; regulates many automatic activities such as breathing, heartbeat, and digestion

A

HINDBRAIN

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26
Q

controls motor coordination; abnomalities with it may be associated with autism

A

CEREBELLUM

27
Q

coordinates movement with sensory input; contains parts of the reticular system: contributes to processes and arousal and tension

A

MIDBARIN

28
Q
A
28
Q

involved broadly with regulating behavior and emotion; it functions as a relay between the forebrain and the lower area of the brain stem

A

THALAMUS AND HYPOTHALAMUS

29
Q

more advanced and more evolved part of the brain

A

FOREBARIN

30
Q

helps regulate our emotional experiences and expressions, and to some extent, our ability to learn and to control our impulses; it is also involved in basic drives of sex, aggression, hunger, and thirst

A

LYMBIC SYSTEM

31
Q

hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, septum, amygdala are parts of the

A

LYMBIC SYSTEM

32
Q

believed to control motor activity as damage to these structures is involved in changing our posture or twitching or shaking

A

BASAL GANGLIA

33
Q

largest part of the forebrain; contains 80% of all neurons in the CNS

A

CEREBRAL CORTEX

34
Q

verbal and other cognitive processes

A

LEFT HEMISPHERE

35
Q

perceiving the world and creating images

A

RIGHT HEMISPHERE

36
Q

a lobe that is assigned to sight, sound, and long-term memory

A

TEMPORAL

37
Q

sensations of touch and monitoring body positioning

A

PARIETAL

38
Q

integrating and making sense of various visual inputs

A

OCCIPITAL

39
Q

its anterior is the prefrontal cortex, and this area is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, reasoning, planning, and long-term memory

A

FRONTAL

40
Q

controls the muscles; damage here might make it difficult for us to engage in any voluntary movement including talking

A

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

41
Q

its primary duties consists of regulating the cardiovascular system, and the endocrine system, and to perform other functions including aiding digestion and regulating body temperature

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

42
Q

for mobilizing the body during times of stress or danger by rapidly activating the organs and glands under its control

A

SYMPATHETIC

43
Q

takes over after the sympathetic nervous system has been activated for a while, normalizing our arousal and facilitating the storage of energy by helping the digestive process

A

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

44
Q

gland that secretse stress hormone; epinephrine (adrenaline) and salt-regulating hormones

A

ADRENAL GLAND

45
Q

master gland; variety of regulatory hormones

A

PITUITARY GLAND

46
Q

gland that secretes thyroxine — facilitates energy metabolism and growth

A

THYROID GLAND

47
Q

secretes sex hormones

A

GONADAL GLANDS

48
Q

HPA AXIS STANDS FOR

A

HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ANDRENOCORTICAL AXIS

49
Q

a feature on a chromosome that appears to moderate the effect of depression and cortisol

A

TELOMERES

50
Q

substances that effectively increase the activity of neurotransmitter by mimicking its effects

A

AGONISTS

51
Q

substances that decrease or block a neurotransmitter

A

ANTAGONISTS

52
Q

produce effects opposite to those produced by the neurotransmitter

A

INVERSE AGONISTS

53
Q

norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopoamine are what kind of neurotransmitters

A

MONOAMINE NEUROTRANSMITTERS

54
Q

GABA and glutamate are examples of whta kind of neurotransmitters

A

AMINOACID NEUROTRASMITTERS

55
Q

excitatory neurotransmitter

A

GLUTAMATE

56
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitter that is known for its best effect in reducing anxiety

A

GABA

57
Q

an inhibitory neurotransmitter that regulates our behavior, mood, and thought process

A

SEROTONIN

58
Q

an excitatory neurotransmitter and also a hormone; it increases alertness, arousal, and attention; constricts blood vessels (to maintain BP in times of stress) and effect sleep-wake cycle, mood, and memory

A

NOREPINEPHRINE

59
Q

excitatory neurotransmitters that is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizoprenia, disorders of addiction, and depression

A

DOPAMINE

60
Q

A DOPMAINE AGONIST; HAS BEEN SUCCESFUL IN REDUCING SOME MOTOR DISABILITIESIN PARKINSON’S DISEASE

A

LOW DOPAMINE

61
Q

refers to unobservable feelings and cognitions inferred from an individual’s self-report or behaviors

A

BLACK BOX

62
Q

a method for studying the unobservable unconscious; in which color naming is delayed when the meaning of the word interferes with the participant’s ability to process color informatin

A

STROOP COLOR-NAMING PARADIGM

63
Q

a more persistent period of affect or emotionality

A

MOOD

64
Q

refers to the valence dimension of an emotion (+, -)

A

AFFECT

65
Q
A

AB PSYCH SINAG'S (5 decks)

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